1. Slag Inclusion: The slag from the previous weld seam is not cleaned thoroughly; excessive deposition with low current and low speed; when performing left welding in the groove, the welding slag flows to the front of the molten pool; excessive wire oscillation can easily cause slag inclusion. When purchasing a box truck, check the price of the box truck first.
2. Severe Spatter: During short-distance transfer, improper inductance levels (either too high or too small); mismatched welding current and voltage; poor cleaning of the welding wire and workpiece can cause severe spatter.
3. Cracks: Welding wires and workpieces with oil, rust, or moisture; unreasonable matching of current and voltage leading to excessive penetration; high carbon content in base material and weld metal; too small a first weld seam in multi-layer welding; improper welding sequence or preheating standards causing significant restraint stress on the workpiece can easily lead to cracks.
4. Porosity: Welding wires and workpieces with oil, rust, or other dirt; insufficient silicon and manganese content in the wire; poor CO2 gas shielding (due to low gas flow, valve freezing, nozzle blockage, or strong convection wind); lower gas purity can all easily cause porosity issues.
5. Undercut: When arc length is too long, current is too high, welding speed is too fast, or the torch position is incorrect, it can easily cause undercut.
6. Burn-through: Large welding current, slow welding speed, or excessively large groove gap can easily cause burn-through.
7. Irregular Weld Seam Shape: Due to unstraightened or poorly straightened welding wire; severe wear of the contact tip causing arc oscillation; excessive wire extension length; low welding speed.
When a car travels around a bend, there is a certain difference in rotational speed between the inner and outer wheels. The outer wheel travels a longer distance and must rotate faster than the inner wheel. At this time, the differential is needed to adjust. Today, we will discuss the principle of the differential and introduce some specific information about limited-slip differentials.
● Function and Principle of the Differential
As the name suggests, the "differential" is used to allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds during turns so that the left and right wheels can be allocated torque reasonably to achieve an appropriate turning effect. After the engine power passes through the clutch, transmission, drive shaft, and reducer in the drive axle for deceleration and torque increase, it then faces the allocation of torque to the left and right wheels, achieving different speeds for each wheel. This allows both wheels to rotate purely without sliding as much as possible, reducing tire-to-ground friction. This is what's known as the "differential" process.
So how does this process occur? First, let's look at the composition of a regular differential. The differential mainly consists of planetary gears, a gear carrier, and left and right half-shaft gears. At the connection point of the drive shaft and the drive axle, you can see a relatively large driven gear. Since the input shaft driving gear has a smaller radius, during the energy transfer from the smaller gear to the larger driven gear, a deceleration and torque increase occurs.
Next, the reducer driven gear drives the planetary gear carrier together. As the left and right output shafts are connected to the planetary gear carrier, they rotate together, and the left and right half-shaft gears also rotate accordingly. The key to achieving "differential" lies in the two planetary gears perpendicular to the left and right half-shaft gears. These two planetary gears mesh with both left and right wheels, allowing their meshing to create a counterbalancing effect between the two gears.
When the car travels in a straight line, the torque and rotational speed of the left and right half-shaft gears are the same. Thus, they cancel each other out when interacting with the planetary gears, and the planetary gears remain stationary. In turning situations, the inner wheel encounters more resistance than the outer wheel. At this point, the torque of the left and right half-shaft gears differs, causing the planetary gears to rotate. The planetary gears provide a resisting torque to the inner gear to reduce its speed while simultaneously increasing the speed of the outer gear, making the outer gear rotate faster than the inner one, thus achieving smooth turning.
● Practical Meaning of Limited-Slip Differential
A common issue with standard differentials is that they can result in continuous spinning when a wheel is off the ground. In such cases, the differential continuously transfers power to the wheel with no resistance, preventing the vehicle from moving forward and wasting a lot of power. This is where a limited-slip differential (LSD) comes into play.
The English abbreviation for LSD is Limited Slip Differential. Its primary function is to ensure both wheels operate together during operation while keeping the speed difference between the wheels within a certain range to maintain normal vehicle progress. Depending on the method of implementation and component structure, LSDs can be divided into various types, such as torque-sensitive, viscous-coupling, helical-gear, and standard mechanical LSDs. Although the processes for achieving limited-slip differ, the ultimate goal remains the same.
『Several Common Types of Limited-Slip Differentials (Mechanical, Electronic-Mechanical, Ball-Locking, Viscous-Coupling)』
● Significance of Limited-Slip Differential for Performance Enhancement
Taking a real-world road condition as an example, when driving a vehicle equipped with an LSD and one of the drive wheels spins freely, the LSD controls the power output to both wheels, preventing the free-spinning wheel from continuing to spin and ensuring the other wheel has enough power to help the vehicle advance. During acceleration in a turn, the output torque and centrifugal force lift the inner wheel off the ground or cause it to slip. The LSD system redirects the power to the outer wheel, helping the driver increase cornering speed, thereby enhancing handling performance.
Vehicles equipped with LSD exhibit completely different handling characteristics compared to ordinary vehicles during turns. The driver can press the accelerator further, improving cornering speed without worrying about potential dangers caused by entering the turn too quickly. Therefore, vehicles with LSD have advantages in terms of higher speed and better controllability on curves compared to those with standard differentials.
The above content is jointly released by the Official Website of Environmental Garbage Trucks (http://www.clwlu.com/)|www_clwlu_com and Garbage Truck Manufacturers (http://www.clwwcw.com/)|www_clwwcw_com. For more interesting content:
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