Observation and nursing care of patients with cardiac neurosis, relation result: Staff self-protection: universal prevention education. Medical staff in the emergency department work every day, coming into contact with various pollutants, and are at high risk of infection. Therefore, strengthening universal prevention education for healthcare professionals and enhancing occupational safety awareness is key to effectively reducing the risk of infection. We emphasize ongoing education and training through lectures, book reports, and training sessions, providing universal prevention education to all medical staff across departments. Regular inspections are conducted, and a supervisor is appointed by the section office to oversee medical staff, correcting any violations promptly. This ensures that medical staff fully understand the harm of occupational infections, thereby enhancing their self-protection awareness and minimizing or avoiding undue risks due to infection.
In terms of attire, wearing work clothes, pants, hats, and qualified protective masks is essential. Masks should be replaced every four hours. After work, personal hygiene practices such as washing and bathing should be observed. The concept of win-win in blood-borne disease risks is crucial. Healthcare professionals have a higher probability of coming into contact with blood and bodily fluids during medical care. It is important to consider all patients as potentially having blood-borne infectious risks and to strengthen self-protection awareness.
Universal precautions include handwashing, wearing gloves when necessary, and wearing protective glasses, which are the most effective, economical, and simple measures. When healthcare personnel come into contact with trauma, intravenous infusions, gastric lavage, or cleaning equipment, they will encounter patient bodily fluids and contaminants. To minimize skin and mucosal contact, healthcare professionals should wear gloves and, if necessary, protective glasses during these operations.
Thorough handwashing after medical procedures is essential. Effective treatment of sharp instrument injuries includes using protective sleeves and covers during use and transfer to prevent accidental punctures. If a puncture wound occurs, it should be squeezed and rinsed with physiological saline, followed by iodine and alcohol disinfection. In severe cases, contact the hospital infection center for monitoring.
The importance of preventive inoculation cannot be overstated. Timely vaccinations for medical staff, such as hepatitis B, influenza, and other vaccines, are necessary. Isolation protective equipment, including isolation gowns, protective glasses, thickened gloves, rubber overshoes, and aprons, should be fully equipped.
To prevent hospital infections, the emergency department should establish an isolation clinic. Infectious patients should be quickly sent to the isolation clinic once identified. Preliminary screening of infectious patients is conducted by emergency triage nurses who take temperatures and histories, aiding in early detection and treatment. Good surface disinfection practices involve daily wiping of all desktops and ground surfaces with 1000mg/L chlorinated disinfectant twice. Stretchers, examination beds, and wheels should be disinfected with 1000mg/L chlorine solution after each use to prevent cross-infections. Air disinfection is crucial, with ventilation being the best method. Daily hydrogen peroxide or peracetic acid aerosol disinfection should be performed. Treatment rooms, emergency rooms, and suture rooms should undergo ultraviolet disinfection daily.
Attention to aseptic technique operations is vital. All operations should adhere to aseptic principles, even during rescues. For instance, intravenous infusions, urethral catheterizations, pleural cavity closed drainage, gastrostomy tubes, and tracheal intubations require attention to aseptic concepts. Strict implementation of disinfection and sterilization systems ensures that used items and equipment are initially soaked before being sent to the supply chamber for sterilization treatment, ensuring a 100% sterile disinfection qualification rate. Disposable items from infectious, deceased, or discharged patients should undergo terminal disinfection, with infectious waste being incinerated.
A discussion on the mobility of emergency department patients reveals potential risks of transmission of infectious diseases. Emergency nursing managers should take this seriously, strictly managing all staff and improving universal protection consciousness. Any patient's blood and contaminated items should be considered as having serious potential infection. Enhancing self-protection is crucial, especially considering the many sources of bleeding in the emergency department, including surgical trauma, internal system, respiratory, gastrointestinal bleeding, and obstetrics and gynecology hemorrhage patients. These patients often undergo blood tests, and emergency nurses may not have a clear diagnosis before rescue and disposal, exposing them to risk factors. Thus, a high degree of protection consciousness and the application of protective instruments for self-protection are necessary. Simultaneously, the emergency department should strengthen sterilization and isolation management, adhering to disinfection and isolation systems and operational procedures, reducing nosocomial infections, improving success rates, and enhancing the quality of nursing care.