Principles and Methods of Tool Change in Large-scale CNC Machining
During the process of large-scale CNC machining, when a tool change is required, a tool change point should be specified. The position of this point should be determined based on the principle that no collision occurs with the workpiece, fixture, or machine during the tool change.
When programming for large-scale CNC machining, the selection of the tool setting point's position should be considered first. The determination of the tool setting point and the tool change point is critical. The tool setting point serves as the starting point of the tool's movement relative to the workpiece during CNC machining. Since the program also begins execution from this point, it is often referred to as the program start point or the start knife point.
When processing accuracy requirements are not high, certain surfaces on the workpiece or fixture can be used directly as the tool setting surface. For higher accuracy requirements, the tool setting point should be selected as close as possible to the design or process benchmark of the part. For example, if the part is positioned by a hole, taking the center of the hole as the tool setting point would be appropriate.
The tool setting point must have a defined coordinate relationship with the workpiece's positioning reference so that the relationship between the machine coordinate system and the workpiece coordinate system can be determined. The choice of the tool setting point should facilitate the calculation of coordinate values and make tool setting convenient. During tool setting, the tool setting point should coincide with the tool position point. The tool position point refers to the intersection of the tool axis and the bottom surface for flat-bottomed end mills; the center of the spherical part for ball-nose end mills; the cutting edge for turning tools; the drill tip for drills (as per Yida Network); and the focal point of the wire electrode axis with the part surface for wire EDM machines.
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