Bronze artifacts (qingtongqi) mainly refer to objects made of copper-tin alloy from the pre-Qin period. Bronze artifacts are simply called "copper artifacts." These include cooking utensils, food vessels, wine vessels, water vessels, musical instruments, chariot and horse decorations, bronze mirrors, belt hooks, weapons, tools, and measuring instruments. They were popular from the late Neolithic Age to the Qin and Han dynasties, with the Shang and Zhou dynasty artifacts being the most exquisite. The first appearances were small tools or ornaments. During the Xia dynasty, there began to be bronze containers and weapons. In the middle of the Shang dynasty, the varieties of bronze artifacts became very rich, and inscriptions and delicate patterns appeared. From the late Shang dynasty to the early Western Zhou dynasty, this was the peak period of bronze artifact development. The shapes were varied, heavy, and solemn. The inscriptions gradually became longer, and the patterns intricate and gorgeous. Subsequently, the bronze vessel bodies began to become thinner, and the patterns gradually simplified. From the late Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, due to the widespread use of ironware, copper-made tools decreased in number. During the Qin and Han dynasties, as ceramics and lacquerware entered daily life, the variety of copper-made containers reduced, decoration became simple, mostly plain surfaces, and the vessel bodies became even lighter and thinner. Ancient Chinese copper artifacts are a great contribution by our ancestors to human material civilization. Although, according to current archaeological data, Chinese copper artifacts appeared later than in some other places in the world, in terms of scale of use, casting techniques, shape artistry, and variety, no place in the world can compare with ancient Chinese copper artifacts. This is one of the reasons why ancient Chinese copper artifacts hold a unique position in the history of world art and attract universal attention. The color of bronze artifacts when they were newly made was actually very beautiful, a gold-like earth yellow. It turned green bit by bit because it rusted while buried in the soil. Since bronze artifacts are entirely handmade, none of them are exactly alike; each piece is unique and unparalleled in the world. The Kaiyuan Treasure Taobao Mall has several bronze artifact models of top quality, genuine, and true to price. Website: http://www.kycb.net