A 30-Year Retrospective on LED Displays

by xsygg2134 on 2011-12-15 10:20:28

In the 1970s, the earliest GaP and GaAsP homo-junction red, yellow, and green LEDs with low light emission efficiency began to be used for indicator lights, numerical and textual displays. Since then, LEDs have entered many application fields, including aerospace, aircraft, automobiles, industrial applications, communications, consumer products, etc., covering all sectors of the national economy and thousands of households. By 1996, the global sales of LEDs had reached several billion US dollars. Although LEDs have been restricted by color and light emission efficiency for many years, they have been favored by users due to their many advantages such as long life span, high reliability, low operating current, and compatibility with TTL and CMOS digital circuits. In the last decade, high brightness and full-color have always been the cutting-edge research topics in LED material and device process technology. Ultra-high brightness (UHB) refers to LEDs whose luminous intensity reaches or exceeds 100mcd, also known as candela (cd)-level LEDs. The development progress of high-brightness A1GaInP and InGaN LEDs has been very rapid, now reaching performance levels that conventional materials like GaA1As, GaAsP, and GaP cannot achieve. In 1991, Japan's Toshiba Corporation and America's HP Corporation developed InGaA1P 620nm orange ultra-high brightness LEDs. In 1992, practical InGaA1p590nm yellow ultra-high brightness LEDs were developed. In the same year, Toshiba Corporation developed InGaA1P 573nm yellow-green ultra-high brightness LEDs with a normal light intensity reaching 2cd. In 1994, Japan's Nichia Corporation developed InGaN 450nm blue (green) ultra-high brightness LEDs. Up to this point, the three primary colors required for color display—red, green, blue—as well as multiple colors such as orange and yellow LEDs have all reached candela-level luminous intensity, realizing ultra-high brightness and full-color capabilities, making outdoor full-color displays with light-emitting tubes a reality. China's development of LEDs started in the 1970s, and the industry emerged in the 1980s. There are about 100 enterprises nationwide, and 95% of manufacturers engage in back-end packaging production, with almost all required chips being imported from abroad. Through technical renovations, breakthroughs, and the introduction of advanced foreign equipment and some key technologies over several "five-year plans," China's LED production technology has taken a step forward.

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