【Abstract】The area surrounding the construction of these new changes, discussed in detail how the project construction process to reduce accidents, the result of security incidents caused casualties and property losses reduced to a minimum, in order to contribute to the construction of a harmonious society.
【Key words】Construction safety; Safety first; Security incidents; Security management
1. Overview
1.1 China's work safety policy
The "People's Republic of China Work Safety Law" clearly stipulates: "Work safety management adheres to the principle of prioritizing safety and prevention." The "People's Republic of China Construction Law" also explicitly states: "Construction safety management must adhere to the principle of prioritizing safety and prevention." This policy established by law is the guiding principle for all work safety activities. "Safety first, prevention foremost" is the fundamental guideline for labor protection in our country.
1.2 Prevention as a prerequisite for work safety
Once an accident occurs, its consequences are irreversible. It is essential to prevent potential hazards, implement preventive measures effectively, give them due attention ideologically, and provide strong material guarantees. Organizational structures, safety responsibilities, safety education, improving prevention, supervision, labor protection, construction sites, environmental hygiene, and other aspects should all attach great importance to accident prevention measures. This is an important part of implementing the work safety policy. Managers at all levels should fully recognize that ensuring work safety is a crucial step in building corporate spiritual and material civilization, reflecting the enterprise's quality and image, closely related to the fate of the enterprise, and an important guarantee for long-term stable and healthy development.
1.3 Current status of work safety
With the acceleration of urbanization in our country, the construction sector has exhibited some new characteristics: the scale of infrastructure construction has increased year by year, projects with high technological content, significant construction difficulty, and tight schedules have become more common, engineering technical risks have become increasingly prominent, investment entities in construction projects have become increasingly diversified, and production methods in building construction have undergone significant changes. These new changes in the construction sector present many new situations and problems for work safety and supervision.
The construction industry is a high-risk sector, and it is inevitable that safety accidents will occur during the production and construction process. In recent years, with the large-scale development of construction projects, safety accidents have occurred from time to time, making the safety situation extremely severe and concerning. Therefore, we should pay high attention to this issue, increase safety prevention measures in terms of manpower, resources, safety supervision and inspection, reduce the occurrence of accidents, and minimize personnel injuries and property losses caused by safety accidents.
2. Reasons for frequent safety issues in construction
Successive construction safety accidents have fully exposed some issues in work safety that cannot be ignored: firstly, the concept of "safety first, prevention foremost" is still relatively weak; secondly, the enforcement of laws and regulations such as the Work Safety Law is not yet effective enough, some responsibilities have not been truly implemented, and measures have not been truly in place; thirdly, under the circumstances of expanding business scope and fierce competition in the construction market, safety management systems are not strictly enforced, and management is coarse; fourthly, the safety knowledge, awareness, and protective skills of frontline operators are poor.
3. Prevention as the main approach, incorporating safety measures and safety management content into clauses
3.1 Tender documents and corresponding contract terms should propose clear and specific requirements for construction work safety measures. Tender documents should require bidders to quote separately for construction safety measures when pricing.
3.2 In addition to overall safety management measures on the construction site, each sub-project's technical plan and organizational measures must be accompanied by corresponding safety technical measures and necessary calculation books. The safety production management organization, dedicated safety managers, responsible persons, and job responsibilities should be clarified, emergency response plans should be formulated, and special safety construction organization designs should be developed for specialized projects, etc.; the bidder's bid price should include separate itemized quotations for safety measures. For projects priced using the bill of quantities method, bidders must separately list safety measures under the "measures items" for quotation.
3.3 In the evaluation criteria, the requirements for construction safety should be included as substantive requirements in the tender documents. The review of safety assurance measures should be a key component of the technical bid evaluation, and a qualified standard for safety assurance measure reviews should be established. If the bidder's safety assurance measures do not meet the qualified standards specified in the tender documents, it should be considered as one of the conditions for disqualification.
4. Strengthening daily management
4.1 The methods and means of supervision need to change. First, active measures should be taken to establish inspection and patrol teams. Whether it is ongoing construction projects or demolition projects, whether they have completed procedures or not, whether they are in ordinary areas or development zones and higher education parks, none should be overlooked, and all should be incorporated into the supervisory scope. Second, focus on the weak links in work safety, targeting problematic enterprises and regions, making enterprises and projects with safety issues unable to remain peaceful. Third, change the single mobile-style inspection. Instead of merely inspecting the physical safety of construction, shift to primarily supervising the establishment and implementation of enterprise safety responsibility systems, as well as the implementation of work safety laws, regulations, standards, and norms.
4.2 Establish a safety credit system and a mechanism for punishing dishonesty in construction enterprises and professionals. Vigorously reward and commend enterprises and individuals who excel in work safety, severely investigate and deal with responsible units and individuals involved in major accidents, and make full use of network information technology to publish records of poor work safety performance of enterprises.
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