A reasonable diet must be appropriate. Balanced nutrition is an important principle of a reasonable diet. Its reasonableness lies in its scientific nature. It is the conclusion drawn from countless examples and observations, including the effect of garlic oil. This conclusion applies to everyone and has widespread universality, that is, commonality. However, as individuals, people have small differences within the big similarities, each having their own demand characteristics, which is individuality. Ignoring this individuality and not paying attention to individual differences will make it difficult to achieve the goal of balance. Therefore, for each specific person, suitability must also be considered. This suitability means to match individual nutritional needs. Emphasizing suitability means formulating a balanced diet according to individual nutritional needs. This requires paying attention to individual age, physical constitution, health status, and different labor intensity, as their nutritional needs also vary. Only by noticing these differences can balanced nutrition be achieved.
In terms of physical constitution, according to the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, human constitutions are classified into: yin deficiency constitution, yang deficiency constitution, phlegm-dampness constitution, yin deficiency with hyperactivity constitution, etc. Different constitutions have different nutritional needs. For example, those with yang deficiency and hyperactivity constitution should avoid or not consume hot-natured foods, such as spicy foods, smoked and grilled foods, tobacco, alcohol, etc., and eat more cooling and yin-nourishing foods, such as duck meat, abalone, silver ear fungus, etc. Although fruits can be eaten, "hot-natured" fruits like lychees and longans should not be consumed excessively. People with phlegm-dampness constitution, especially obese ones, who tend to have excessive phlegm and dampness stagnation, should avoid or not consume foods that easily produce phlegm and assist dampness, such as glutinous rice cakes, sweets, fried foods, fatty meat, cream, etc.
In terms of health status, health status is a comprehensive evaluation of the human body's spirit, physical strength, thinking, and stress response capabilities. It includes different states such as normal times (when there is no illness), illness periods, and recovery periods, each with corresponding nutritional needs. When formulating a diet, this suitability should be taken into account. For example, diabetic patients should strictly control carbohydrate intake during abnormal blood sugar periods. To supplement sufficient calories, protein intake can be appropriately increased, such as fish, meat, beans, vegetables, etc. However, the intake amount should also be controlled. Excessive intake may cause abnormal protein metabolism, leading to increased uric acid. This shows that balance and suitability must be combined to achieve reasonable and scientific nutritional needs. Specific operational content can be found in relevant materials, which will not be detailed here.
In terms of age, during the process of individual growth and development, different periods have different nutritional needs. Adolescence is a critical period for human growth and development. The demands for energy and nutrition should be appropriately increased. Increase the intake of proteins and carbohydrates, appropriately increase fat intake to meet the increasing energy requirements. At the same time, sufficient vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, minerals such as calcium and zinc should be supplemented to meet the needs of growth and development. In old age, physical strength gradually declines, activities relatively decrease, and energy needs also relatively decrease. Therefore, the supply of nutrition should also relatively decrease. In food selection, attention should be paid to easy digestion and rich nutrition. Relevant features and needs of elderly nutrition can be found in Chapter Four.
In terms of labor intensity, different types of labor have different nutritional needs. Generally speaking, physical labor requires increased energy needs, and the proportion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats should also be correspondingly increased. Physical labor is divided into heavy physical labor and light physical labor, with different nutritional requirements. Mental laborers, due to less physical activity and less energy consumption, but more mental exhaustion, should appropriately increase some proteins, especially fish and meat proteins. Due to less activity, fat intake should not be increased to avoid fat accumulation and obesity. In labor methods, there are high-temperature operations such as metallurgy and glass industries; flight operations such as pilots and astronauts, all of whom have corresponding nutritional needs, which will not be detailed here.
From this, it can be seen that a reasonable and scientific diet not only emphasizes balance but also appropriateness. Only by paying attention to the suitability of individuality can the goal of general balance be achieved.
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