V. Comprehension and Recitation:
(1) What are the sentences that express the sadness and joy of the exiled scholars and poets?
Answer: Sadness - "Leaving the country and longing for hometown, worrying about slander and criticism"; Joy - "Feeling carefree and serene, forgetting honor and disgrace."
(2) What is the sentence that describes the moonlight on the rippling water?
Answer: "Floating light leaps like gold."
(3) What is the sentence that describes the moon's reflection in the still water?
Answer: "Still shadow sinks like a jade disk."
(4) What is the sentence that shows the author's concern for national affairs? (What is the sentence that expresses worry in both prosperity and adversity?)
Answer: "In high office, one worries for the people; in exile, one worries for the ruler."
(5) What do "prosperity" and "adversity" correspond to?
Answer: "In high office" and "in exile."
(6) What sentence expresses the author's broad-mindedness?
Answer: "Not rejoicing over material gains, not sorrowing over personal setbacks."
(7) What sentence expresses the author's great political aspiration? (What sentence is similar to the modern spirit of enduring hardship first and enjoying pleasure later?)
Answer: "Worry before the world does, enjoy after the world does."
(8) What was the direct reason the author wrote this article?
Answer: "Entrusted me to write an essay to record it."
(9) What is the general description of the grand view of Yueyang Tower? Which two words are the most powerful?
Answer: "Embracing distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River, vast and boundless, endless horizons; morning glows and evening shadows, myriad changes in weather." ("Embrace," "swallow")
(10) What sentence praises Teng Zijing's achievements?
Answer: "Good governance brings harmony among the people, all neglected projects are revived."
(11) What sentence in the second paragraph corresponds to "previous accounts were complete"? How did Meng Haoran describe it in his poem "Looking at Dongting Lake and Presenting it to Chancellor Zhang"?
Answer: "Carving poems and essays by Tang virtuous men and contemporary figures on it." "Steam rises from the Yunmeng marshes, waves shake Yueyang city."
(12) What sentence describes the majestic scenery of Yueyang Tower from a spatial perspective?
Answer: "Embracing distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River, vast and boundless, endless horizons. Morning glows and evening shadows, myriad changes in weather."
(13) What sentence describes the scenery of Yueyang Tower from a temporal perspective?
Answer: "Morning glows and evening shadows, myriad changes in weather."
(14) From the couplet "All lake views come under the eye, ten thousand family joys and sorrows reach the heart," what two sentences from Fan Zhongyan's "Record of Yueyang Tower" come to mind? Facing success and failure in life, what attitude should we have?
Answer: "Worry before the world does, enjoy after the world does." "Not rejoicing over material gains, not sorrowing over personal setbacks."
Six, Thinking Questions:
(1) Why do the third and fourth paragraphs imagine two contrasting scenes—one bright, one dark—that lead to feelings of sadness and joy?
Answer: Natural phenomena, including weather conditions, affect human emotions. Bad weather causes "extreme sadness," while good weather induces "carefree serenity."
(2) What is the relationship between the third and fourth paragraphs and the main theme of the article? (Why were these two paragraphs written?)
Answer: To deduce the "ancient benevolent person's mind" and contrast it with the "two different emotions," highlighting the ancient benevolent person's broad-mindedness—"not rejoicing over material gains, not sorrowing over personal setbacks."
(3) What is the sentiment expressed by the exiled scholars and poets when they view things?
Answer: "Rejoicing over material gains, sorrowing over personal setbacks."
(4) In the fifth paragraph, what do the "two behaviors" in "perhaps different from these two behaviors" refer to? What role does this sentence play in the article? What is the author's attitude towards these "two behaviors"?
Answer: The two types of sentiments experienced by the exiled scholars and poets when viewing things. It introduces the essence of the ancient benevolent person's mind. The author holds a negative attitude.
(5) What is the actual purpose of the author praising the ancient benevolent person?
Answer: To negate the sorrow and joy views of the exiled scholars and poets and encourage friends.
(6) What is the difference between the "exiled scholars and poets" and the "ancient benevolent persons"?
Answer: Their sorrow and joy perspectives differ. Exiled scholars and poets "rejoice over material gains, sorrow over personal setbacks." Ancient benevolent persons "do not rejoice over material gains, do not sorrow over personal setbacks; in high office, they worry for the people; in exile, they worry for the ruler."
(7) What is the function of the discussion in the fifth paragraph?
Answer: Reveals the essence of the ancient benevolent person's mind; expresses the author's political aspirations; encourages friends. Highlights the central idea.
Seven, Word Appreciation:
The wind howls angrily, and turbid waves surge to the sky.
Answer: "Angry" uses personification to depict the wind's intensity and sound.
Teng Zijing was demoted to be the governor of Balin Prefecture: feudal officials being demoted or transferred far away. Next year: arrived. Then he rebuilt the Yueyang Tower, expanding its old scale: thus; scale. Carved poems and essays by Tang virtuous men and contemporary figures on it: on. Entrusted me to write an essay to record it: me; to. I observed the beautiful scenery of Balin: that; beautiful scenery. Embracing distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River: connecting. Boundless, morning glows and evening shadows: edge; sunlight. This is the grand view of the Yueyang Tower: magnificent scenery. Previous accounts were complete: described; detailed. However, it connects north to Wuxia and south to Xiaoxiang: although so, then...; exhausted. Exiled scholars and poets: demoted officials; poets. Continuous rain: prolonged rain; appearance of dense rain or snow. Month-long cloudy weather: clear weather;
At dusk, the world turns dim; leaving the country and longing for hometown: approaching; leaving. Spring warmth and bright sunshine; seagulls flying and gathering: sunlight; birds resting on trees. Shore orchids and sandbar irises; this joy knows no bounds: grass; small island; exhaustion. Forgetting honor and disgrace alike: honor; together. Holding wine against the wind: holding. I once sought the minds of ancient benevolent people: exploring; ancient virtuous people. Perhaps different from these two behaviors: perhaps; referring to two moods. Temple halls: courts. Countryside: among the people. Worry before the world does, enjoy after the world does: before...; after.... Without such a person (ascending this tower), who would I rely on: without; this; rely on. If: like that until if: as for. Alas: alas. Not because of external gains: because. Feeling carefree and serene: pleasant.
Next year, government was smooth, people were harmonious, and all abandoned undertakings were revived. When I looked at the wonderful scenery of Balin, it was all in this Dongting Lake. Exiled scholars and poets often gathered here, their feelings upon viewing things, could they be different?
Ascending this tower, there would be feelings of being demoted and missing one's hometown, worrying about slander and criticism, seeing nothing but desolation, feeling extremely sad.
Ascending this tower, there would be feelings of carefree serenity, forgetting honor and disgrace, holding wine against the wind, extremely joyful.
I once explored the minds of ancient benevolent people, perhaps different from the above two behaviors, why?
Not rejoicing over material gains, not sorrowing over personal setbacks. In high office, one worries for the common people; in exile, one worries for the ruler.
They must say, "Worry before the world does, enjoy after the world does."
[Homophonic Characters] (1) Entrusted me to write an essay to record it. "Zhu" is homophonic with "zhu," meaning entrust. (2) All abandoned undertakings were revived. "Ju" is homophonic with "ju," meaning all.
Main Idea: This article uses the name "record" as a pretext to express the author's broad-mindedness—"not rejoicing over material gains, not sorrowing over personal setbacks"—and the political aspiration—"worry before the world does, enjoy after the world does."
① The reason Teng Zijing rebuilt the Yueyang Tower was: government was smooth, people were harmonious, all abandoned undertakings were revived. ② The reason for writing this article was: entrusted me to write an essay to record it.
③ The sentences showing the "wonderful scenery" or "grand view of the Yueyang Tower" are: embracing distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River, vast and boundless, endless horizons; morning glows and evening shadows, myriad changes in weather.
④ The "previous accounts were complete" refers to: poems and essays by Tang virtuous men and contemporary figures.
⑤ The feelings of "exiled scholars and poets" when viewing things are: sadness and joy. The author believes the feelings when viewing things should be: not rejoicing over material gains, not sorrowing over personal setbacks. ⑥ The "this tower" in "ascending this tower" refers to "Yueyang Tower".
⑦ In the sentence "perhaps different from these two behaviors," the "two behaviors" refer to: one, being demoted and missing one's hometown, worrying about slander and criticism, seeing nothing but desolation, feeling extremely sad; two, feeling carefree serenity, forgetting honor and disgrace, holding wine against the wind, extremely joyful.
⑧ In the sentence "perhaps different from these two behaviors," the "two behaviors" refer to: one, being demoted and missing one's hometown, worrying about slander and criticism, seeing nothing but desolation, feeling extremely sad; two, feeling carefree serenity, forgetting honor and disgrace, holding wine against the wind, extremely joyful.
⑨ In the sentence "thus, whether in high office or in exile, one worries," "high office" refers to: being in court; "exile" refers to: being among the people.
⑩ In the sentence "thus, whether in high office or in exile, one worries," "high office also worries" refers to: in high office, one worries for the common people; "exile also worries" refers to: in exile, one worries for the ruler.
⑾ Sentences in this article expressing the author's broad-mindedness: not rejoicing over material gains, not sorrowing over personal setbacks.
⑿ Sentences in this article expressing the author's political aspirations: worry before the world does, enjoy after the world does.
⒀ In the sentence "without such a person, who would I rely on," the "such a person" refers to: ancient benevolent people.
⒁ The sentence describing the full view of the Dongting Lake is: embracing distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River, vast and boundless, endless horizons; morning glows and evening shadows, myriad changes in weather.
⒂ The sentence in "Record of Yueyang Tower" most expressing the author's political insights is: worry before the world does, enjoy after the world does.
⒃ The feelings of "exiled scholars and poets" when viewing things are: one, being demoted and missing one's hometown, worrying about slander and criticism, seeing nothing but desolation, feeling extremely sad; two, feeling carefree serenity, forgetting honor and disgrace, holding wine against the wind, extremely joyful.
■ (Eleven) Record of the Drunken翁Pavilion
Surrounding Chuzhou are all mountains. Among the peaks to the southwest, the forests and ravines are especially beautiful. Looking at them, they are lush and deeply picturesque—Langya Mountain. Walking six or seven li into the mountains, gradually hearing the sound of water gurgling and cascading between two peaks, this is the Brewing Spring. The path winds around the mountain, and there is a pavilion perched above the spring like a bird spreading its wings—this is the Drunken翁Pavilion. Who built the pavilion? It was the monk Zhi Xian of the mountain. Who named it? The governor called himself. The governor and guests came here to drink. Drinking little, he got drunk easily, and being the oldest, he called himself "Drunken翁". The intention of Drunken翁 is not in the wine, but in the beauty of the mountains and rivers. The joy of the mountains and rivers is understood in the heart and expressed through the wine.
As for the sun rising and the mist in the forest dispersing, clouds gathering and the caves darkening, the alternating light and darkness is the morning and evening of the mountain. Wild flowers bloom and emit a fragrant scent, fine trees grow lush and provide abundant shade, the frost is pure, and the water recedes revealing the rocks—these are the four seasons of the mountain. Going in the morning and returning in the evening, the scenery of the four seasons is different, and the joy is inexhaustible.
As for those carrying loads singing on the road, travelers resting under the trees, the front calling and the back responding, the elderly supported and the young carried, coming and going continuously, these are the people of Chuzhou touring. Fishing by the stream, the stream is deep and the fish are fat, brewing spring water into wine, the spring is fragrant and the wine is clear, wild dishes and vegetables, variously spread out before them, this is the governor's feast. The joy of the banquet reaches its peak, without stringed or wind instruments, archers hitting their marks, chess players winning, cups and dice crossing, those rising and sitting, shouting loudly, these are the guests having fun. A man with a gray face and white hair, collapsed among them, this is the governor drunk.
Later, as the sun sets on the mountain, people's shadows scatter chaotically, the governor returns and the guests follow. The forest becomes darkened, bird calls echo up and down, the tourists leave and the birds find joy. However, the birds know the joy of the mountain forest, but do not know the joy of people; people know the joy of following the governor on tours, but do not know the governor finds joy in their joy. Drunk, he can share in their joy, awake, he can recount it in writing—the governor. Who is the governor? He is Ouyang Xiu of Luling.
1. Literary knowledge. This article comes from "Ouyang Wen Zhong Gong Wen Ji", authored by Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary figure of the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
2. Pronunciation of characters
Ring Chuzhou (chú) Forest Hollow (hè) Langya (láng yá) Drink Little Always Drunk (zhé)
Rock Cave Darken (míng) Bent Carry (yǔ lǚ) Wine Clear (liè) Mountain Dishes Wild Vegetables (sù)
Goblet Dice Cross (gōng chóu) Archer Hits (zhòng) Chess Player Wins (yì) Collapsed (tuí) Shady (yì)
3. Key vocabulary interpretation
Ring Chuzhou: Surrounding Chuzhou City. Ring, surround. Forest Mist Disperses: Forest mist dissipates. Mist, fog.
Load Bearer: People carrying loads. Load, carry. Near the Spring: Close.
Spring Fragrant and Wine Pure: Spring sweet, wine clear. Pure, clear. Mountain Dishes Wild Vegetables: Wild game and vegetables. Vegetables, vegetables.
Variously Spread Before Them: Variously spread out in front. Variously, disorderly. Display, display.
Goblet Dice Cross: Goblet, wine cup. Dice, drinking counters. Shady: Describing dense branches forming shade. Shady, cover.
Fine Trees Grow Lush and Provide Abundant Shade: Fine trees grow lush, forming a dense green shade.
The Intention of Drunken翁: Interest. Deeply Picturesque: Picturesque.
The Joy of Banquets, Not Strings Nor Winds: Banquet, indulging in drinking. Strings, stringed instruments. Winds, wind instruments.
Wild Flowers Bloom Emitting a Fragrant Scent: Wild flowers bloom, emitting a fragrant scent. Flowers, fragrant flowers. Bloom, bloom.
Bent Carry Supporting Each Other: Elderly bending and walking, children carried by adults. Here referring to old and young pedestrians. Bent, bent waist, here referring to the elderly.
Clouds Gather And Rock Caves Darken: Clouds gather, valleys become dark. Darken, darken.
4. Key Sentence Translation
(1) Walking six or seven li into the mountains, gradually hearing the sound of water gurgling and cascading between two peaks, this is the Brewing Spring.
Translation: Walking along the mountain path for six or seven li, gradually hearing the sound of water gurgling and cascading between two peaks, this is the Brewing Spring.
(2) The path winds around the mountain, and there is a pavilion perched above the spring like a bird spreading its wings—this is the Drunken翁Pavilion.
Translation: The mountain path winds around, and there is a pavilion perched above the spring like a bird spreading its wings—this is the Drunken翁Pavilion. (Nearby, close).
(3) The intention of Drunken翁 is not in the wine, but in the beauty of the mountains and rivers.
Translation: The intention of Drunken翁 is not in the wine, but in the beauty of the mountains and rivers.
(4) The joy of the mountains and rivers is understood in the heart and expressed through the wine. Appreciating the joy of the mountains and rivers, understanding it in the heart and expressing it through the wine.
(5) Going in the morning and returning in the evening, the scenery of the four seasons is different, and the joy is inexhaustible.
Translation: Going in the morning and returning in the evening, the scenery of the four seasons is different, and the joy is inexhaustible.
(6) Fishing by the stream,