Lamellar keratoplasty: A portion of the thickness of the corneal transplant is used. Surgical removal of diseased tissue in front of the cornea, leaving the underlying tissue as a graft bed. Transplant beds are often very thin, sometimes with only Descemet’s membrane and the inner cortex. Therefore, lamellar keratoplasty can be performed without violating any deep corneal disease or Descemet's membrane, allowing for physiological function recovery or endothelial health. It is commonly used clinically for superficial corneal opacities or corneal dystrophy, progressive keratitis or ulcers, corneal fistulas, corneal tumors, and some conditions where penetrating keratoplasty cannot be done, improving the first layer of the cornea.
Penetrating keratoplasty: A method replacing all full-thickness corneal opacity with a transparent layer. Indications for surgery can be divided into optical, therapeutic, formability, beauty, and other aspects according to their purpose. Common indications for optical corneal transplantation include keratoconus, corneal scarring due to various reasons, various corneal dystrophies, and failure of corneal endothelial cells due to various reasons. Therapeutic keratoplasty is indicated for suppurative corneal ulcers, ocular chemical injuries, Mooren’s ulcers, corneal marginal degeneration, scleral necrosis caused by Wegener’s granulomatosis, recurrent pterygium, corneal dermoid swelling, corneal and conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.
Artificial cornea transplant surgery: This involves a medical special optical device made of transparent polymer materials, surgically implanted into the corneal tissue to replace part of the scarred corneal tissue, restoring vision through cosmetic bulk revision. As the rejection issues of synthetic materials for the cornea have not been fully resolved, long-term results are poor, often leading to aqueous leakage and graft loss, so it may not yet be widely used. At this stage, artificial corneas are only used after suffering from various serious corneal diseases leading to blindness, especially in cases of severe chemical burns causing total corneal damage and multiple failed keratoplasties, where no other surgery can be performed.
---
Note: The last part of the original text seems unrelated to the medical content and appears to be about cosmetics and skincare tips. If you would like that translated as well, please let me know!