The treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is reviewed in this paper.
Keywords: Senile dementia etiology; diagnosis; treatment
CLC number: R749.16 Document code: A
Article ID: 1008-2409 (2003) 05-0769-03
Clinical Research Progress on Senile Dementia / ZHONG You-an / / The National Changing Scroll Publication, China Abstract: The incidence of senile dementia in developed countries is 5~8%, and in China, it is about 3.2%. Dementia is mainly divided into two types: vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, research has made great progress. This article reviews the clinical research on senile dementia.
Keywords: Senile dementia; cause; diagnosis; treatment
Senile dementia is not just a change in consciousness but also an acquired decline in comprehensive cortical function, leading to cognitive dysfunction syndrome. It usually refers to the abnormal deterioration of intelligence that affects cognitive functions in multiple aspects, such as abstract thinking, orientation, judgment, and memory loss. It is divided into cerebrovascular dementia (Vascular Dementia, abbreviated as VD) and Alzheimer's disease dementia (Alzheimer Disease, abbreviated as AD). The prevalence of senile dementia in developed countries ranges from 5 to 8%, and in our country, it is approximately 3.2%.
AD is now recognized as the most important cause of senile dementia in Europe and the United States, accounting for 50~60% of senile dementia cases, while VD accounts for 20~30% of the total. VD is more common in Asia, especially in China and Japan, which may be associated with the high incidence of strokes in these regions.
Etiology of dementia caused by dementia syndromes includes various diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrovascular disease, Pick lobar atrophy, Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington disease, cerebellar degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, liver degeneration, late-onset metachromatic leukoencephalopathy, adrenoleukodystrophy, hypoxia, brain trauma, infection, hydrocephalus, cranial occupying lesions, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diseases, poisoning, drugs, and various metabolic nutritional disorders, all of which can cause brain damage.
International Classification divides senile dementia into:
① Senile dementia: Mainly describes Alzheimer's disease, which can be hereditary or sporadic [familial Alzheimer’s disease (Familial Alzheimer Disease FAD) is divided into early onset FAD (also known as Alzheimer dementia, frequently occurring between 40 to 60 years) and late-onset FAD (frequently occurring in individuals over 60 years old), which is an autosomal dominant genetic disease.
② Vascular Dementia: There are many types, such as multi-infarct dementia (MID), multiple lacunar dementia (Binswanger), cerebral amyloid angiopathy, dementia due to cerebral perfusion, etc.
③ Mixed dementia: Refers to cases where both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular epilepsy or other types of dementia coexist.
Diagnosis of dementia requires obtaining persistent mental retardation. Mental retardation means at least three obstacles in the following mental activities: language, memory, visual-spatial disorder, emotional or personality changes, and cognitive impairment. Mental retardation must be obtained to distinguish it from congenital mental retardation and must persist to exclude temporary confusion. The definition also covers the acute phase of blood police Zhu.