Recently, while watching the "Secret History of Yang Guifei", I noticed a dark mole on the left side of the lower lip of the main actress Yin Tao. At first, I thought it was caused by inflammation or injury, but then I realized that it appeared in every episode. After searching online, I learned that it was congenital.
"This is actually a mole. It started to appear when I was filming 'The Wrong Bus'. Initially, the makeup artist wanted to cover this mole, but it kept getting bigger. Now, no matter how we try to cover it, it still shows faintly. So, I just tell everyone that it's a mole," said Yin Tao. In order not to let this mole affect her performance, she once considered removing it, but after some reflection: "Old people say moles on the lips are auspicious, so I decided to keep it."
This could very likely be Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS), and it continues to grow. PJS is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by three features: specific black spots around the mouth and extremities, multiple polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, and familial aggregation. It is extremely rare clinically, with an incidence rate of only 1 in 25,000. As people's understanding of this disease deepens, the malignant transformation of intestinal polyps has significantly increased. This disease is a tumor-prone condition, requiring extra caution in diagnosis and treatment, especially in monitoring the malignant transformation of colorectal polyps for early diagnosis and treatment.
Most polyps in PJS are hamartomatous, which are benign tumors, but recent studies have found a high probability of malignant transformation. Experts explain that there are melanocytes in the epithelial cells of human oral mucosa and skin, whose function is to secrete melanin.
Under normal circumstances, the secretion of melanin is limited, so it does not show up. However, under the stimulation of factors such as endocrine changes, carcinogenic genes, and light exposure, both the number of melanocytes and the amount of melanin secreted can become abnormal. At this point, melanin deposition appears on the oral mucosa, forming "black spots".
Generally speaking, diseases that cause oral black spots include Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency), neurocutaneous syndromes, polyposis-pigmentation-alopecia-macroonychia syndrome, and other systemic diseases, as well as hereditary conditions like familial progressive hyperpigmentation.
PJS has three major clinical characteristics: 1) Multiple polyps in the gastrointestinal tract; 2) Black spots on the skin and mucous membranes at specific sites, mainly manifested by black spots on the lips, oral buccal mucosa, and extremities; 3) Genetic predisposition, often showing skip-generation inheritance.
Black spots on the lips and oral mucosa appear during infancy, gradually increasing during childhood. Skin black spots appear later, becoming darker with age, increasing in number, and being most prominent during adolescence.
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