Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics are all around us and enable us to visualize and present abstract concepts in familiar ways. What is the difference between 2D and 3D computer graphics, such as 3D Models? Let’s explore the differences and similarities between them.
### 2D Computer Graphics
2D computer graphics are digital images that are computer-based. They include 2D geometric models, such as image compositions, pixel art, vector art, photographs, and text. 2D graphics are used daily in traditional print media and animation. There are two main types of 2D computer graphics: raster and vector graphics.
- **Raster Graphics or Bitmaps**: These are composed of arrays of pixels. Each pixel can be a different color or shade. Raster graphics are edited at the pixel level and are commonly used in older computers and video games, graphing calculator games, and many mobile phone games.
- **Vector Graphics**: These are composed of paths. Paths are used to describe images by establishing mathematical relationships between points within an image. Vector graphics are mainly used for photographic images.
### 3D Computer Graphics
3D computer graphics use a 3D representation of geometric data. This geometric data is manipulated by computers through 3D computer graphics software to adjust their appearance, movements, and presentation. 3D computer graphics are often referred to as 3D models. A 3D model is a mathematical representation of geometric data stored in a data file. 3D models can be used for real-time 3D viewing in animations, videos, movies, training, simulations, architectural visualizations, or for display as 2D rendered images (2D renders).
In contrast to 2D graphics, a 3D model is a "mathematical representation of any 3D object." A 3D model is not technically visible until it is visually displayed as a 2D image through a process called 3D rendering. 3D models can also be used in non-graphical computer simulations and calculations.
One advantage that 2D graphics have over 3D models is that they allow more direct control of the image and are easier to modify with relatively simple software packages. 3D models are not as easy to change because they require specific 3D modeling skills and more complex and powerful 3D modeling software.
3D models use many of the same mathematical algorithms as 2D vector graphics in the wireframe model. Additionally, when 3D models are typically displayed as renders, they use similar algorithms as 2D raster graphics. 3D models use many of the 2D rendering techniques, while 2D computer graphics use many of the 3D techniques to achieve sophisticated effects such as lighting.
**Figures:**
- **Fig.1**: 3D Architectural Visualization of an office space
- **Fig.2**: 3D model of an Arab battlefield frequently used for military training, simulations, and 3D games
- **Fig.3**: 2D render of a BMW M3 cabriolet 2008 3D model car
- **Fig.4**: The wireframe of a 3D model of a Volkswagen Beetle
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