About the eyesight level with normal children, Cartier glasses; Amblyopia is a visual development disorder that occurs when the vision and/or the effective stimulation of the visual cells interact abnormally, causing insufficient binocular function, resulting in subnormal corrected eyesight for the age compared to normal children. General ophthalmic examinations do not reveal any structural abnormalities such as a sunken macular center. Some cases can be healed with proper treatment. The prevalence of amblyopia in the teenage population is 2%-4%.
Human vision must undergo a gradual process of formation, perfection, and consolidation. This process is the development of visual function and also involves the simultaneous perfection of some structures. Like other systems and organs in the body, after birth, the visual system's function is initially diseased and grows into a perfect state over time. In this developmental process, a normal ocular structure serves as the foundation, and appropriate visual stimulation is necessary. The visual system also needs adequate functional training to obtain optimal results.
To define whether a child’s vision falls within the normal range of development, it is important to first understand what constitutes normal vision at different ages. Using various methods (OKN, VEP, PL), reports have been published on infant vision levels. Most experts believe that one month after birth, an infant’s vision develops from light perception to hand movement detection (~0.01). At two months, vision improves from detecting hand movements to ~0.01; at three months, vision is ~0.01-0.02; at four months, ~0.02-0.05; at six months, ~0.06-0.08; at eight months, ~0.1; at one year old, ~0.2-0.3; at two years old, ~0.5-0.6; and by three years old, vision may reach ~1.0 bilaterally.
However, research also indicates that visual development varies among individuals—some develop earlier, while others later. Most scholars believe that by six years old (or even ten years old), vision reaches normal adult levels. Before six years old, the visual function has not fully matured, remains unstable, and is still developing. This is a phase where changes can occur easily. Any factor that obstructs visual stimulation can halt the development of visual function, leading to arrested development, delayed development, insufficient development, or functional impairment, thereby forming amblyopia.
Amblyopia is a treatable visual defect disease. It can be detected through vision tests in infants. If detected early and treated promptly, it can be healed. Amblyopia is typically classified into refractive amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia, and form-deprivation amblyopia.
Visual examination is an important method for detecting amblyopia and strabismus. Common methods include corneal reflex testing, red reflex testing, pupil examination, fundus examination, alternating cover test, and first look observation for infants from a few months old to three years old. Vision checks are feasible after three years old.
The key to treating amblyopia and strabismus lies in early detection. Treatment initiated before five years old yields the best results, but often amblyopia is discovered too late, affecting treatment outcomes.
Remedial methods:
1. Refractive correction should be prioritized for amblyopic patients wearing corrective glasses.
2. Amblyopic patients with unequal binocular vision or overall vision should be treated with occlusion therapy or penalization therapy.
3. For patients focusing centrally on the amblyopic eye, feasible occlusion or penalization of the good eye combined with careful visual drills using amblyopia pinhole charts or inspection-stimulating therapies can be beneficial.
4. Feasible red filter therapy can be applied to the amblyopic eye for central fixation.
Amblyopia is a visual development disorder that occurs when the vision and/or the effective stimulation of the visual cells interact abnormally, causing insufficient binocular function, resulting in subnormal corrected eyesight for the age compared to normal children. General ophthalmic examinations do not reveal any structural abnormalities such as a sunken macular center. Some cases can be healed with proper treatment. The prevalence of amblyopia in the teenage population is 2%-4%.
Human vision must undergo a gradual process of formation, perfection, and consolidation. This process is the development of visual function and also involves the simultaneous perfection of some structures. Like other systems and organs in the body, after birth, the visual system's function is initially diseased and grows into a perfect state over time. In this developmental process, a normal ocular structure serves as the foundation, and appropriate visual stimulation is necessary. The visual system also needs adequate functional training to obtain optimal results.
To define whether a child’s vision falls within the normal range of development, it is important to first understand what constitutes normal vision at different ages. Using various methods (OKN, VEP, PL), reports have been published on infant vision levels. Most experts believe that one month after birth, an infant’s vision develops from light perception to hand movement detection (~0.01). At two months, vision improves from detecting hand movements to ~0.01; at three months, vision is ~0.01-0.02; at four months, ~0.02-0.05; at six months, ~0.06-0.08; at eight months, ~0.1; at one year old, ~0.2-0.3; at two years old, ~0.5-0.6; and by three years old, vision may reach ~1.0 bilaterally.
However, research also indicates that visual development varies among individuals—some develop earlier, while others later. But before six years old, the visual function has not fully matured, remains unstable, and is still developing. This is a phase where changes can occur easily. Any factor that obstructs visual stimulation can halt the development of visual function, leading to arrested development, delayed development, insufficient development, or functional impairment, thereby forming amblyopia.
Amblyopia is a treatable visual defect disease. It can be detected through vision tests in infants. If detected early and treated promptly, it can be healed. Amblyopia is typically classified into refractive amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia, and form-deprivation amblyopia.
Visual examination is an important method for detecting amblyopia and strabismus. Common methods include corneal reflex testing, red reflex testing, pupil examination, fundus examination, alternating cover test, and first look observation for infants from a few months old to three years old. Vision checks are feasible after three years old.
The key to treating amblyopia and strabismus lies in early detection. Treatment initiated before five years old yields the best results, but often amblyopia is discovered too late, affecting treatment outcomes.
Remedial methods:
1. Refractive correction should be prioritized for amblyopic patients wearing corrective glasses.
2. Amblyopic patients with unequal binocular vision or overall vision should be treated with occlusion therapy or penalization therapy.
3. For patients focusing centrally on the amblyopic eye, feasible occlusion or penalization of the good eye combined with careful visual drills using amblyopia pinhole charts or inspection-stimulating therapies can be beneficial.
4. Feasible red filter therapy can be applied to the amblyopic eye for central fixation.
(Origin: Healthy Now Newspaper)
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