The Pattern and Prevention of Deer Diseases
Provided by the 5830 Agriculture Website Directory:
I. The relationship between deer diseases and other animal diseases
In wild conditions, the occurrence of deer diseases is often related to the disease status of surrounding animals, as many diseases can be transmitted and infected among various animals. According to some data, foxes are the carriers of rabies in deer. Under domesticated conditions, deer are less likely to get sick. However, due to increased contact with livestock and certain media effects, many infectious and parasitic diseases of livestock have increasingly affected deer.
II. The relationship between deer diseases and species
Different species of deer have different adaptabilities to environmental conditions and varying resistance to diseases. Generally, wapiti are more resistant than sika deer, and the hybrid offspring of sika and wapiti deer are stronger than both parents. They rarely or never suffer from necrobacillosis, have lower incidence rates of digestive and respiratory organ diseases, higher juvenile rearing success rates, and lower mortality rates for adult deer compared to their parent breeds.
III. The relationship between deer diseases and age
Deer of different ages are susceptible to different types of diseases. Young fawns, especially those still nursing, are prone to gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases due to an underdeveloped nervous system and weak digestive tract barrier function, leading to high mortality rates. However, they gain some antibodies from their mothers and thus have low susceptibility to certain infectious diseases within a certain period. Adult deer have strong bodily reactions and typically show severe symptoms when infected with certain infectious diseases. During group separation and enclosure changes, accidental injuries such as fractures and major bleeding are common, which can lead to secondary diseases. Elderly deer have weakened resistance and defensive functions, making them susceptible to various diseases with poor prognosis.
IV. The relationship between seasons and diseases
The incidence rate and type of deer diseases vary with different seasons. Given China's vast territory and significant geographical and climatic differences between north and south, the disease trends of deer in the same season may differ. Taking Jilin Province as an example, there are fewer diseases in spring, possibly due to good feeding management during the late pregnancy of female deer and the antler-growing period of male deer. In summer, there are more obstetric diseases in female deer and diseases in fawns, along with more injuries caused by antler cutting in male deer. In autumn, due to heavy rainfall and high humidity, necrobacillosis in male deer and gastrointestinal diseases are more common. In winter, under improper feeding management and suboptimal epidemic prevention and hygiene conditions, male deer have weakened resistance, resulting in more diseases and higher mortality rates, while diseases in female deer and fawns relatively decrease.
V. The relationship between gender and diseases
Female deer reproduce annually, so they are more prone to obstetric diseases such as difficult labor, uterine prolapse, and mastitis, accounting for about 5% to 8% of total disease incidence. Improper assistance during childbirth leads to high mortality rates, approximately 1% of obstetric diseases. Male deer are wild and aggressive, leading to more accidental injuries. Diseases caused by antler cutting are also common, mainly including infections from antler cutting, hemorrhagic shock, fractures and injuries caused by improper restraint, and rectal prolapse caused by mounting each other, all of which have high mortality rates.
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