Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children: clinical analysis of 15 cases. The role of infection in the pathogenesis of SLE is being accepted. In March, the remaining L4 cases were aged 10 ~ L4. Diagnosis of SLE in this age group of children is more difficult and prone to misdiagnosis. Clinical manifestations include fever in 9/12 cases, with long-term fever (2 weeks to 13 months) at onset misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or other febrile conditions. Rash occurred in 12 cases, presenting in various forms such as butterfly rash, erythema, discoid, urticaria, etc., leading to high rates of misdiagnosis (up to 60%) as CITP or other diseases. Edema was observed in 6 cases, emphasizing the need for improved clinical understanding of this disease. We believe that if there are long-term cases with eyelid or double lower limb swelling, joint pain, especially women, should raise vigilance for SLE, requiring further detection of serum complement. Renal impairment was present in all cases, showing different levels of proteinuria (+~+++), hematuria in 5 cases, and reduced urinary C pellet tube type. Thrombocytopenia was found in 3 patients, with blood BUN increasing in 7 cases. Liver, spleen, lymph node involvement was seen in 13 cases, sometimes as early signs. If children have fever of unknown origin, splenomegaly, superficial lymph node enlargement, elevated GPT or ALT, connective tissue disease should be considered, warranting further relevant examinations. Mild to moderate anemia (Hb6z) was found in 7 older children with nephritic nephrotic syndrome, with significantly decreased CJ and C levels (~1O2/L). Platelet count was decreased in 6 cases (35×10^9/L ~ 92×10^9/L). Even when clinically diagnosed as nephritis or nephrotic syndrome, SLE experiments should be conducted. Cardiac damage was observed in 9 cases, with ECG showing ST-T abnormalities in 4, right bundle branch block in 2, right ventricular hypertrophy in 2, and limb lead low voltage in 1 case. Other findings included positive LE cells in only 3 out of 15 cases, a positive rate of 20%. ANA was positive in 5 cases, with significant differences between reports (60~80%). Convulsions were noted in some cases, including 2 cases of nervous system lupus. Lupus nephritis and laboratory technology diagnosis were also challenging. Clinical symptoms included headache, vomiting, gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage, and pulmonary involvement in lupus. There is no unified treatment plan, necessitating inspection of symptoms and laboratory findings. Early laboratory examination showed urine protein in 15 cases (#168; ~ -}L {, ESR increased rapidly after systemic performance, with ESR ~ >100mm/H in 7 cases, and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy used in 6 pediatric cases, controlling most symptoms. Elevated ASO (>l:500) and ANA positivity were observed in 8 patients.