Antimicrobial drugs in hospital outpatient pediatric with an antibacterial drug. Keywords: antimicrobial drugs; pediatrics; medication analysis CLC number: R969.3 Document code: A Article ID :1004-2407 (2002), 04-180-02 With the antimicrobial agents in the pediatric increasingly widespread use of new varieties antimicrobial agents continue to emerge, its use is reasonable or not is closely related to the quality of medical care and rehabilitation of children and hospitals. In this paper, hospital outpatient pediatric use of antimicrobial drugs for treatment of colds in children 1 March 2000, upper respiratory infections and diseases such as drug use statistical analysis in order to provide a useful reference for the clinical use of antimicrobial drugs. A method of access to our hospital from 1 March 2000 outpatient pediatric prescription, select one of the use of antimicrobial drugs for treatment of colds in children, a total of 2012 prescriptions of the upper respiratory tract infections and other diseases, use of antimicrobial drugs in the statistics prescription drug name, the number of treatment cases route of administration, utilization, and analyzed, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Hospital Outpatient Pediatric Antibacterial Drug Usage Table
| Name of the Drug | Route of Administration | Number of Cases |
|-------------------|------------------------|-----------------|
| Oral | Injection | |
| 61o | 470 | 350 |
| 18o | 159 | 111 |
| Usage + Injection (%) | 3O. 3123.3517.4O8.957.9O5.525O2.492.391.14O. 555O1OO. 00lilltigllii ~ 61o | |
From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that granules like azithromycin, roxithromycin, amoxicillin have high usage, totaling 78.96%, and are administered orally. This is because dry syrup, syrup, and mixture formulations are more palatable for pediatric patients and easier to take than average tablets, capsules, and injections which are less accepted by children but still welcomed by many doctors and parents.
High-priced new varieties of antibiotics like azithromycin, roxithromycin, and amoxicillin are also highly used. As shown in Table 1, these three antimicrobial drugs account for 71.06% of the usage. The reasons for their high usage include broad-spectrum antibiotic properties, strong antibacterial effects, low resistance, low toxicity, fewer side effects, and proven efficacy, coupled with new formulations suitable for children.
The combination of antimicrobial drugs should have synergistic or additive effects to enhance the efficacy of antibiotics. However, unreasonable combinations may reduce efficacy and enhance side effects. From Table 1, the combination of penicillin G sodium and roxithromycin in 50 cases accounts for 2.49%. These two drugs when used in conjunction exhibit antagonism, reducing the bactericidal effect of penicillin. Penicillin is a fungicide during the breeding season, while roxithromycin is an available antibacterial agent, making this combination inappropriate.
To avoid the misuse of antimicrobial drugs in viral diseases, antimicrobial drugs should only be used to treat bacterial infections and are ineffective against viruses. Early clinical manifestations of viral and bacterial infections are similar, leading some doctors to misuse them. Therefore, virus pyrogen testing and bacterial culture should be conducted to determine if antimicrobial drugs are necessary, avoiding adverse reactions caused by abuse and ensuring children receive accurate treatment.
Strictly follow the principle of using antimicrobial agents. Preferred antimicrobial drugs should have good efficacy among common antibiotics, strictly controlling local administration and preventive medicine. Under normal circumstances, medication should not be given without proper basis. When combining antibiotics, there must be correct justification. Generally, no more than three antibiotics should be combined. The best results come from drug susceptibility tests. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics should be preferred over broad-spectrum antibiotics. The dosage of antimicrobial drugs should be sufficient, avoiding long-term small amounts or frequent replacements.
Strengthen hospital management measures, fully leveraging the role of medical departments' functions in supervision and coordination within the hospital regarding rational drug use issues, promptly addressing irrational drug use, and promoting the sustained development of rational antimicrobial drug use. Strengthen education and training for clinicians on pharmacological knowledge, fully grasping the basic knowledge of the rational use of antibiotics, strictly following drug indications, pharmacokinetics, and in vitro susceptibility testing, reasonably choosing antibiotics. Simultaneously, health administrative departments at all levels should consider rational drug use as an important indicator in assessing hospital quality of medical care.