As society continues to develop, the number of high-rise buildings is increasing, greatly enriching the spatial design of cities. However, the safety of these tall structures is a major concern, with fire escape being a top priority. Especially in light of recent fires in high-rise buildings across the country, residents of such buildings largely depend on their own ability to save themselves during sudden fire incidents. Therefore, learning and mastering some techniques for escaping from fires is necessary.
1. In the early stages of a fire, one must act based on the actual situation, be resourceful, and make full use of the building's fire protection facilities to extinguish the fire.
1) Once a fire occurs in a high-rise building, it is important to remain calm, quickly locate the source of the fire, and attempt to put it out if it is still in its initial stage. If it is an electrical fire, turn off the power first; if it is a natural gas, gas, or liquefied gas fire, turn off the gas first, then use a fire extinguisher to put out the fire. If you are unable to extinguish the fire, call the emergency services as soon as possible.
2) To attempt self-rescue and leave the scene of the fire as quickly as possible, you must be familiar with the building's fire protection facilities, checking for emergency exits and safety stairs. If they exist and are unobstructed, your life will have a higher safety factor. If not, you must use regular stairs to escape but never take the elevator to avoid being trapped inside due to a power failure. When escaping, proceed cautiously and move downward while the lower floors are not yet on fire. Be mindful of smoke inhalation, staying close to the ground where the air is clearer. Crawling forward is the best posture for escaping from a fire. For example, in a residential building fire in Taiyuan’s Shuixiguan Street, the owner attempted to escape while holding a dog. The owner did not survive, but the dog broke free and escaped. This is because the dog was closer to the ground and avoided the toxic smoke. If humans were to crawl forward, their chances of survival would also significantly increase. However, remember that upward escape can be dangerous due to the chimney effect, which may cause unconsciousness or even death.
3) After selecting the right direction to escape, do not forget to prepare a wet towel. Fire practice has shown that a wet towel folded three times can eliminate 60% of smoke, and when folded 16 times, it can eliminate over 90%. Thus, walking slowly through a 15-meter corridor filled with strong irritant smoke without significant discomfort is possible. However, the towel should not be too wet to avoid difficulty breathing, so the water content of the towel should generally be controlled to less than three times its weight.
2. During the intense phase of a fire, ensure personal protection, seek external assistance, and actively create a "lifeline".
1) If the passage is blocked and cannot be used, quickly dress to protect your skin from burns. Then enter a room, close doors and windows, seal the gaps with wet towels, blankets, or quilts, open the indoor tap to release water, and splash water onto the doors and windows to prevent them from catching fire. This buys time until rescue forces arrive. However, under no circumstances should you open the doors or windows unless absolutely necessary.
2) If flames have entered your room, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, quickly move to the balcony, and shout for help. Observe whether firefighting rescue forces have arrived and whether there are any elevated firefighting vehicles available. If not, you can try to escape using the balcony or window. It is best to find a rope or tear bed sheets into strips and tie them securely to stable objects like table legs, bed frames, or water pipes within the room, then slide down to the lower balcony or window. Residential rainwater pipes are often located between balconies and windows, and iron downpipes are usually sturdy enough for sliding down safely. However, plastic or thin metal pipes should not be used for this purpose.
3. Several issues to note during fire escape:
1) Do not waste time trying to retrieve personal belongings, as doing so could cost you your life. It is not worth risking your life for material possessions.
2) If there are elderly people, children, or disabled individuals in your home, do not blindly rush around. Quickly transfer them to a safe location and seek help from capable neighbors to assist in leaving the fire scene together.
3) High-rise buildings are equipped with indoor fire hydrants and fixed firefighting facilities according to regulations. When the fire spreads, try to open the fire hydrants to let water flow out, which can slow down the spread of the fire.
4) Jumping from a building should only be done as a last resort and is suitable for heights below 9 meters. There are techniques involved. Before jumping, try to hold soft items like quilts or sofa cushions, and aim for areas where someone can catch you. If no one is available to catch you, try to land on asbestos tile carports, water pools, or trees. When jumping without assistance, protect your head with both hands, bend your body, curl up into a ball to reduce injury upon impact by rolling. Generally, jumping from heights above 10 meters offers little chance of survival.
Escape techniques and their application cannot be rigidly followed as unchangeable rules. They should vary depending on the individual, situation, and location. Having good psychological qualities is also crucial in addition to possessing escape techniques. At the onset of a fire, everyone looks for an escape route. Some succeed, others fail, and this is largely related to psychological qualities. Remember to stay calm, maintain clear consciousness, and recall your surroundings before attempting escape using skills learned previously or observed to ensure safe evacuation.
Hubei Jiangnan Dongfeng Special Purpose Automobile Co., Ltd. is a designated production factory by the National Development and Reform Commission, the only company in the “Capital of Special Purpose Vehicles” with fire truck production qualifications certified by the Ministry of Public Security Fire Bureau, and a supporting modification plant for Dongfeng Automobile Company. The main products produced and sold include fire trucks, road clearance vehicles, aerial work platforms, side-opening box transport vehicles, water sprinklers, fuel tankers, chemical liquid transport vehicles, refrigerated vehicles, explosive materials transport vehicles, flatbed transport vehicles, sewage suction vehicles, high-pressure cleaning vehicles, garbage trucks, street sweepers, dump trucks, crane-equipped transport vehicles, etc., with hundreds of varieties. All models have been listed in the national announcement directory and have obtained ISO9001-2000 quality management system certification, with products passing CCC certification.
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