Hair loss is due to the impact on hair growth. Hair growth requires nutrition, which is delivered by blood. If a person is chronically ill, physically weak, with insufficient blood and qi, and poor body nutrition, the hair will lack nutrition, grow poorly, and fall out prematurely. Such people are more prone to hair loss and lose more hair. With the increasing social life pressure, the number of people suffering from hair loss is constantly rising, and many people are troubled by hair loss. So what exactly causes hair loss?
1. Mental or physical factors
Excessive mental stress is a common cause of hair loss. Mental tension, depression, fear, or severe insomnia can all lead to nervous system dysfunction. The capillaries remain in a contracted state, and the hair follicles do not receive adequate blood supply. Since the scalp is at the top of the human body, the hair is most likely to fall out. If the stress persists, combined with a weaker psychological quality, it may easily lead to conditions like trichotillomania, trichophagia, and trichophilia. Head injuries, lesions in the spinal cord, medulla oblongata, midbrain, and brainstem can all cause hair loss. Mental factors can also severely affect the hair growth cycle. Long-term visual fatigue, excessive mental stress, excessive nervous tension, irritability or worry, staying up late, etc., can all shorten the hair growth cycle, leading to hair loss and early baldness.
2. Hormonal imbalance and genetic factors
The growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland promotes hair growth, while the lack of growth hormone can slow down the hair growth rate; sex hormones also affect the health and beauty of hair: female hormones make the hair soft and shiny; male hormones make the hair hard and thick. Once the balance of sex hormones in the body is lost, abnormal hair may appear. Therefore, after childbirth, during menopause, or when taking oral contraceptives, there may be a period of time when estrogen deficiency leads to hair loss; hypopituitarism, adrenal tumors, acromegaly in the late stage, etc., can all lead to hair loss.
3. Disease and drug treatment factors
Anemia, malnutrition, acute high fever, infectious diseases, or long-term liver disease, if they interfere with the function of the hair root matrix cells, can affect hair growth and color, or even inhibit the normal division of the matrix cells, causing the hair to enter the resting phase and fall out. In addition, ovarian tumors can cause an over-secretion of male hormones, leading to increased dandruff, oily hair, and seborrheic dermatitis and hair loss.
4. Food and nutritional metabolism factors
Nutritional deficiencies caused by picky eating, as well as imbalances or absorption disorders caused by indigestion and chronic consumption diseases, can all inhibit the normal growth of hair and push it into the resting phase, leading to sparse, dry, premature white hair, or hair loss. Excessive intake of sugar or salt, protein deficiency, iron and zinc deficiency, excessive selenium, as well as certain metabolic diseases such as argininosuccinic aciduria, homocystinuria, hereditary leucine aciduria, methionine metabolic disorders, etc., are also reasons for hair loss.
5. Congenital factors
Congenital factors such as developmental defects, various syndromes, progeria, etc., can cause complete hair loss or sparsity; poor development of hair follicles can cause thin and brittle hair. Congenital alopecia is an autosomal dominant genetic disease, often seen in offspring of consanguineous marriages.
6. Physical and chemical factors
Living environment is closely related to the health and beauty of hair. Serious pollution of black smoke and exhaust gas in modern cities has harmed people's living space, thus endangering hair; long-term exposure to strong sunlight can cause the melanin in the hair to fall off and turn brown, and cut off the protein supply in the hair, making the hair rough and lusterless.
7. Improper care and human factors
Human factors and bad habits have a great relationship with hair:
1) Wearing hats all day can press the scalp vessels, affecting blood circulation. Especially in hot summer, hats hinder ventilation, and prolonged use can easily lead to hair loss;
2) Excessive drinking can lead to gastrointestinal diseases, affecting the digestion and absorption of proteins, vitamins, and other nutrients; the preservatives in alcohol have a significant negative impact on hair health;
3) Regularly drinking carbonated beverages can stimulate the intestines and stomach, causing digestive dysfunction, affecting nutrient absorption, and leading to hair loss;
4) Excessive exercise can also affect hair health, leading to fine hair and hair loss;
5) Living in air-conditioned rooms for a long time can increase dandruff and hair loss.
8. Endocrine disorder factors
Endocrine factors such as hyperthyroidism; both overly active and underactive thyroids can lead to thinning hair, and thyroid supplements can restore hair to normal. Thyroid hormone secretion levels are also related to the quality of hair: during hyperthyroidism, the hair becomes finer and softer, while during hypothyroidism, the hair becomes dry and lusterless.
9. Immune system function reaction disorder
The immune system may attack hair follicles, causing hair loss, such as autoimmune dysfunction like lupus erythematosus causing hair loss; doctors usually inject a small amount of steroids directly into the patient's area of hair loss.
10. Fungal infections, parasites, viruses, and suppurative skin diseases
Infectious hair loss: head chickenpox, herpes zoster virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), leprosy bacilli, tuberculosis bacilli, syphilis pale spirochetes, and various fungi that cause scalp ringworm can all cause hair loss. Local skin lesions such as seborrheic dermatitis, lichen planus, fungal infections, or parasitic infestations are also major factors causing hair loss. Lipophilic fungi on the scalp proliferate massively under the premise of large sebaceous gland secretion, obtain nutrients from the hair follicles, and discharge metabolic products there, stimulating the hair follicles and scalp to develop chronic inflammation-seborrheic dermatitis. The hair follicles gradually shrink, the hair-growing function gradually declines, and the hair gradually decreases until the scalp becomes completely bald. Demodex mites are tiny parasites invisible to the naked eye. They parasitize in human hair follicles, using sebum as food, and secrete lipase to erode sebaceous glands, block hair follicles, and cause hair loss or baldness.
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