Beijing Hui Shou [http://www.163huishou.com] Gifts today will talk about the drinking customs of major festivals:
There are corresponding drinking activities for several major festivals in a year of Chinese people, such as drinking [Calamus wine] during the Dragon Boat Festival, drinking [Chrysanthemum wine] during the Double Ninth Festival, and drinking [New Year wine] on New Year's Eve. In some places, such as among the folk of Jiangxi, after planting rice seedlings in spring, people gather to drink and celebrate harvests. When the banquet is over, it is often [every family returns drunk]. The new interpretation of the festival is: Some days must be elected for people to gather and drink, so there are festivals, and there are many festivals, almost every month. Generation after generation, the nationwide common drinking festivals are:
1. Spring Festival
Commonly known as the New Year. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty stipulated that the first day of the first lunar month was the New Year’s Day; After the Xinhai Revolution, the first day of the first lunar month was renamed as the Spring Festival. During the Spring Festival, Tu Su wine and Jiao Hua wine (Jiao Bai wine) should be drunk, symbolizing auspiciousness, peace, and longevity.
[Tu Su] was originally the name of a grass hut. It is said that in ancient times, there was a person living in a Tu Su hut. Every New Year's Eve, he gave a package of medicine to his neighbors, asking them to soak the medicine in water. On New Year's Day, they would use this well water to mix with wine, and the whole family would happily drink together, making sure that the whole family would not be infected with an epidemic throughout the year. Later generations named this grass hut as the name of the wine. Drinking Tu Su wine started in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" in the Ming Dynasty recorded: [Tu Su wine, Chen Yan's "Small Prescriptions" says, 'This is Hua Tuo's prescription'.
On New Year's Day, it is drunk to ward off all kinds of evil and unrighteous qi.] The method of drinking is also quite particular, from the young to the old. [Jiao Hua wine] is wine made by soaking jiaohua flowers, and its drinking method is the same as Tu Su wine. Liang Zonglin wrote in "The Customs of Jingchu": [It is customary to use pepper wine at the beginning of the year, pepper flowers are fragrant, so the flowers are picked to offer to the cup. In the first month, when drinking wine, the younger ones go first because they gain a year, and they are congratulated with wine first. The older ones lose a year, so they drink later.] Wang Anshi wrote in the poem "New Year's Day": [In the sound of firecrackers, one year is gone, the warm spring wind brings joy into the Tu Su wine. Thousands of doors and windows bask in the bright sun, always replacing the old peachwood charms with new ones]. Geng Xin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty wrote in a poem: [On New Year's Day, drink evil-warding wine, and drink long-life wine in the new year. Drink with the master of cypress, and drink with the praise of pepper flowers].
2. Lantern Festival
Also known as Yuanxiao Festival or Shangyuan Festival. This festival started in the Tang Dynasty, as it falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month, which is the birthday of the Three Great Emperors, so people used to pray for blessings in the heavenly palace, and must use five animals, fruits, and wine for offerings. After the ceremony, the offerings were withdrawn, and the family gathered to drink heartily to celebrate the end of the Spring Festival. In the evening, people watched lanterns, fireworks, and ate yuanxiao (tangyuan).
3. Zhonghe Festival
Also known as the Spring Social Day, it falls on the first day of the second lunar month. People worship the earth god and pray for a good harvest. There is a custom of drinking Zhonghe wine and Yichun wine, which is said to cure ear diseases, hence it is also called [Cure Deafness Wine]. Li wrote in a poem: [The village elder has no mood today, because he lacks a bottle of deafness-curing wine. He troubles the Jade Hall to communicate, and vaguely tours to the third hall]. According to "Guang Ji" records: [Villages make Zhonghe wine, sacrifice to Gou Mang, and pray for a good year]. According to "Gujin Tushu Jicheng • Wine Section" compiled by Chen Menglei in the Qing Dynasty: [On Zhonghe Festival, villagers brew wine, called Yichun wine].
4. Qingming Festival
It falls around April 5th in the Gregorian calendar. People generally combine Cold Food Festival with Qingming Festival, and have the customs of tomb sweeping and spring outing. It originated in the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period. There is no restriction on drinking alcohol during this festival. According to "Youyang Zazu" written by Duan Chengshi in the Tang Dynasty: In the Tang Dynasty, after a banquet and drinking wine in the palace on Qingming Festival, Emperor Xianzong Li Chun also granted Tu wine to Prime Minister Li Jiang. There are two reasons for drinking alcohol during the Qingming Festival: one is that during the Cold Food Festival, hot food cannot be cooked, only cold food can be eaten, and drinking alcohol can increase heat; the other is to use alcohol to ease or temporarily anesthetize the sorrowful feelings of mourning relatives. Ancient people wrote a lot of poems about drinking alcohol during the Qingming Festival. Bai Juyi wrote in a poem: [Where is the place where one cannot forget alcohol? At the house of handsome youths, after the spring equinox and before the bright moon of Hanshi Festival]. Du Mu wrote in the poem "Qingming": [During the Qingming Festival, the rain falls heavily, and the travelers on the road are almost broken-hearted; Asking where the wine shop is, the shepherd boy points far away to the apricot flower village]. htp://www.163huishou.com
5. Dragon Boat Festival
Also known as Duanwu Festival, Chongwu Festival, Duanwu Festival, Chongwu Festival, Daughter Festival, Tianzhong Festival, and Dilie Festival. It falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, roughly formed during the Spring and Autumn-Warring States period. People drink Calamus wine and Realgar wine to avoid evil, remove evil, and detoxify. At the same time, there are customs of drinking Toad wine for strengthening yang and prolonging life and drinking Night-blooming Jasmine wine for calming and sleeping. The most common and widely spread is drinking Calamus wine. According to historical records: During the Guangqi period of the Tang Dynasty (885-888 AD), there was an example of drinking [Calamus wine]. Yin Yaofan wrote in a poem: [Young people have more emotions during the festival, but as they grow old, who knows what feelings arise, not following the custom of hanging mugwort amulets, but praying for peace while drinking Calamus wine]. It gradually became widely spread among the folk. Historical documents have recorded it, such as "Waitai Miao Yao", "Qianjin Fang" in the Tang Dynasty, "Taiping Shenghui Fang" in the Song Dynasty, "Yuan Bai Lei Chao" in the Yuan Dynasty, "Bencao Gangmu" and "Pu Ji Fang" in the Ming Dynasty, and "Qing Bai Lei Chao" in the Qing Dynasty, all ancient books recording the formula and usage of this wine. Calamus wine is a traditional seasonal beverage in China, and emperors of all dynasties also listed it as a seasonal delicacy in imperial cuisine. Liu Ruoyu wrote in "Ming Palace History": [At noon on the fifth day, drink cinnabar, realgar, calamus wine, and eat zongzi]. Gu Tieqing wrote in "Qingjia Lu": [Grind realgar powder, shred calamus roots, and mix with wine to drink, called realgar wine]. Since realgar is toxic, people no longer use realgar to make alcoholic beverages now. Drinking toad wine and night-blooming jasmine wine is recorded in "Nv Hong Yu Zhi" and "Nan Ming Ye Shi" written by Nansha San Yu in the Qing Dynasty.
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