Experts from the Nanjing Armed Police Hospital's Anorectal Center introduced that the cause of anal fissures is due to heat and dryness in the colon, or due to yin deficiency and lack of body fluids leading to constipation. Straining during bowel movements can cause anal skin lacerations, followed by secondary infections, gradually forming chronic, spindle-shaped ulcers. However, there are also cases where anal fissures occur due to anal canal stenosis, anal eczema, or infection from hemorrhoid damage.
Causes of Anal Fissures:
1. Constipation: Among the factors causing anal fissures, constipation is the biggest culprit. According to experts from the PLA 102 Hospital, long-term retention of feces in the rectum not only can induce rectal cancer but also affects blood circulation. Patients straining to pass hard stools inevitably put significant pressure on the anus, resulting in tears.
2. Poor defecation habits: Many people read books or newspapers while using the toilet, prolonging the squatting and defecation time, causing stagnation of blood in the anal and rectal areas, leading to disease. Smoking while on the toilet can delay the brain's defecation reflex, easily causing constipation. Straining too hard during bowel movements increases unnecessary strain on the rectum, anus, and pelvic floor muscles, as well as local congestion, contributing to the occurrence and development of anal fissures.
3. Infection factors: Acute and chronic anal sinusitis, anal papillitis, internal hemorrhoids, and polyps are the main causes of infection. Pathogenic bacteria enter the anal glands through the gland openings, forming abscesses under the anal canal tissue, which then ulcerate after breaking open. Small superficial thrombi may cause thrombophlebitis, also leading to anal fissures.
4. Human anatomical factors: The external sphincter muscle of the human anus runs from the coccyx forward to the posterior part of the anal canal, dividing into two parts that wrap around the anal canal along its sides and meet at the front. This leaves gaps at the front and back of the anal canal. Most of the levator ani muscles attach to the sides of the anal canal, with fewer attachments at the front and back. The anterior and posterior parts of the anal canal are not as strong as the sides, making them prone to injury. The anal canal angles downward and backward, putting more pressure on the posterior part of the anal canal. The central line of the posterior part of the anal canal has poor blood supply and less elasticity, all contributing to the formation of anal fissures.
5. Other factors: Besides the above four factors, unreasonable dietary habits, chronic diseases, and physiological factors in humans may also trigger anal fissures.
Experts from the Nanjing Armed Police Hospital's Anorectal Center remind that early prevention and treatment of anal fissures should be advocated. Developing a regular bowel movement schedule without prolonged squatting or excessive straining is fundamental to preventing anal fissures. Early-stage anal fissures can fully heal through conservative treatments. For example, using high-fiber diets or laxatives to soften stools can help. If a specialist applies drainage medication, recovery will be faster, generally healing within a week.
Special Reports: [Hemorrhoids], [Anal Fistula], [Anal Fissure], [Rectal Bleeding], [Itching Around the Anus], [Perianal Abscess]
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