Six categories and two levels. The six categories are environmental quality standards, pollutant emission standards, environmental basic standards, environmental method standards, environmental standard material standards, and environmental protection instrument and equipment standards. The two levels are national environmental standards and local environmental standards.
(1) Environmental Quality Standards:
To protect human health, maintain ecological balance, ensure social material wealth, and consider technical conditions, these standards impose restrictive regulations on harmful substances and factors in the environment.
They serve as the goal for setting environmental policies and the basis for environmental management work, as well as the foundation for establishing pollutant control standards. They are also the benchmarks for evaluating environmental quality across different regions in our country.
The general principles that should be followed when establishing environmental quality standards are:
1. Ensure residents do not suffer from acute or chronic poisoning.
2. Have no adverse effects on subjective feelings.
3. Have no indirect impact on human health.
4. Have no degrading effect on the natural environment.
Environmental quality standards already published in our country include:
1. Air environmental quality standards (GB 3095-82)
2. Surface water environmental quality standards (GB 3838-88 replacing GB 3838-83)
3. Marine water quality standards (GB 3097-82)
4. Fishery water quality standards (TJ 35-79)
5. Agricultural irrigation water quality standards (GB 5084-85)
6. Urban area environmental noise standards (GB 3096-82)
7. Provisional Songhua River water system environmental quality standards, etc.
Health Standards:
1. Industrial enterprise design health standards (TJ 36-79)
2. Drinking water health standards (GB 5749-85)
3. Basic standards for radiation health protection (GB 4792-84)
4. Pesticide safety use standards (GB 4285-84)
5. Industrial enterprise noise health standards (trial draft) 1979
(2) Pollutant Control Standards (Pollutant Emission Standards):
To achieve environmental quality goals, combined with economic and technical conditions and environmental characteristics, these standards impose controls on harmful substances or factors discharged into the environment. Control standards are the means to achieve environmental quality goals, and their role is to directly control pollution sources to prevent environmental pollution. National-level pollutant control standards already issued in our country include:
Wastewater Section (including comprehensive discharge standards):
a.1 Trial standards for industrial waste emissions (water, air, slag) (GBJ 4 - 73)
Comprehensive wastewater discharge standards (GB 8978-88 replacing GBJ 4-73's wastewater section)
a.2 Papermaking industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 3544-83)
a.3 Sugarcane sugar industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 3546-83)
a.4 Beet sugar industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 3545-83)
a.5 Synthetic fatty acid industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 3547-83)
a.6 Synthetic detergent industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 3548-83)
a.7 Leather industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 3549-83)
a.8 Petroleum development industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 3550-83)
a.9 Petroleum refining industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 3551-83)
a.10 Ship pollutant discharge standards (GB 3552-83)
a.11 Film developing water pollutant discharge standards (GB 3553-83)
a.12 TNT industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 4274-84)
a.13 RDX industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 4275-84)
a.14 Dinitro-diazophenol industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 4278-84)
a.15 Lead azide, lead trinitroresorcinol, D, S eutectic industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 4279-84)
a.16 Petrochemical water pollutant discharge standards (GB 4281-84)
a.17 Sulfuric acid industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 4282-84)
a.18 Yellow phosphorus industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 4283-84)
a.19 Shipbuilding industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 4284-84)
a.20 Textile printing and dyeing industry water pollutant discharge standards (GB 4287-84)
a.21 Steel industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 4911-85)
a.22 Light metal industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 4912-85)
a.23 Heavy non-ferrous metal industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 4913-85)
a.24 Offshore oil development industry oily wastewater discharge standards (GB 4914-85)
a.25 Cement industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 4915-85)
a.26 Asphalt industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 4916-85)
a.27 Superphosphate fertilizer industry pollutant discharge standards (GB 4917-85), etc.
Atmospheric Environment Control Standards:
(1) Boiler smoke dust emission standards (GB 3841-83)
(2) Idle gas vehicle pollutant emission standards (GB 3842-83)
(3) Diesel vehicle free acceleration smoke emission standards (GB 3843-83)
(4) Full load smoke emission standards for diesel engines in vehicles (GB 3844-83)
Waste Solid Part:
(1) Pollutant control standards for agricultural sludge (GB 4284-84)
(2) Non-ferrous metal solid waste control standards (GB 5085-85)
3. Environmental Basic Standards:
In the scope of environmental protection work, provisions are made for symbols, guidelines, guides, etc., that have guiding significance. These form the basis and technical basis for the formulation of other environmental standards. Therefore, environmental basic standards should actively adopt international standards and advanced foreign standards, gradually achieving basic consistency with international standards.
Environmental basic standards already issued in our country include:
(1) Technical principles and methods for formulating local water pollutant discharge standards (GB 3839-83)
(2) Technical principles and methods for formulating local atmospheric pollutant discharge standards (GB 3840-83)
4. Environmental Method Standards:
Standards formulated within the scope of environmental protection work, which apply universally nationwide, covering testing, inspection, analysis, sampling, statistics, operations, etc.
National environmental method standards already issued in our country include:
(1) Measurement methods for motor vehicle noise (GB 1496-79)
(2) Unified monitoring and analysis methods for pollution sources (trial) - Exhaust gas part, September 1, 1982
(3) Unified monitoring and analysis methods for pollution sources (trial) - Wastewater part, September 1, 1982
(4) Measurement methods for idle gas vehicle pollutants (GB 3845-83)
(5) Measurement methods for diesel vehicle free acceleration smoke (GB 3846-83)
(6) Measurement methods for full load smoke from vehicle diesel engines (GB 3847-83)
(7) Spectrophotometric determination of total nitro compounds in industrial wastewater (GB 4918-85)
(8) Standard noise source (GB 4129-84)
(9) Determination of sulfuric acid mist in sulfuric acid concentration exhaust using chromium trioxide colorimetry (GB 4920-85)
(10) Gas chromatographic determination of total nitro compounds in industrial wastewater (GB 4919-85)
(11) Leaching toxicity test method standards for solid wastes in non-ferrous metal industries
(12) Determination of oxygen consumption and nitrogen oxides in industrial exhaust gases using potassium dichromate oxidation and naphthylethylenediamine colorimetry (GB 4921-85)
(13) Corrosivity test method standards for solid wastes in non-ferrous metal industries (GB 5087-85)
(14) Acute toxicity preliminary screening test method standards for solid wastes in non-ferrous metal industries (GB 5088-85)
(15) Unified analytical methods for environmental monitoring - July 14, 1983
(16) Analytical methods for water and wastewater monitoring - May 1988
(17) Analytical methods for air and exhaust gas monitoring - December 1990
5. Environmental Standard Material Standards:
Materials or substances used in environmental protection work to calibrate instruments, verify measurement methods, conduct value transmission, or perform quality control. These standards specify the requirements that such materials or substances must meet. They are the primary means of ensuring the accuracy of inspection method standards.
6. Environmental Protection Instrument and Equipment Standards:
Specifications established for technical requirements of environmental protection instruments and equipment to ensure the efficiency of pollution control equipment and the reliability and comparability of environmental monitoring data. Due to the vast territory of our country, varying natural conditions, and differing economic development situations, environmental capacities vary. Additionally, some items in national standards are not specified, so local environmental protection departments are allowed to formulate local environmental protection standards based on local environmental characteristics and technical and economic conditions.
Among the six categories of standards, environmental quality standards, pollutant control standards, and environmental method standards have local level standards.