【Abstract】Highway transportation occupies a pivotal position in the entire transportation system, fr6g compressor. This article briefly reviews the development overview of China's highway transportation industry, analyzes the practical problems existing in highway transportation, and based on the current socio-economic situation, speculatively predicts its future development trends.
【Keywords】Transportation, Economy, Highway Transportation, Development, Trends
Transportation is the lifeline of the national economy and plays a linking role in the entire social mechanism. From the perspective of transportation volume composition ratios in developed countries by different modes of transport, highway transportation has come to occupy an increasingly important position with the construction of highways and the growing perfection of the highway network. In contemporary times, highways have become a major infrastructure supporting the development of the national economy.
I. Highway Transport as the Backbone of Modern Society's Transportation Method
With the continuous improvement of the automotive industry, the development of automobile transport has promoted the formation of the highway network, making highway transport a backbone transportation method that meets the needs of modern industrial development. Highway transport has significant advantages in technical and economic characteristics: (1) Flexible adaptability to meet the needs and specific conditions of general transportation users, offering the greatest advantage in "personalized" services, with a broad service scope. It is the most basic collection and distribution transportation method, suitable for meeting the fundamental transportation demands of western development. (2) Best directness, short turnaround and stop time during transit, efficient use of transport time, and relatively fast speeds among ground transport methods when infrastructure conditions are good. It is the only transportation method that can achieve door-to-door service. (3) Low initial investment for road construction, quick capital turnover, short payback period, low establishment costs for highway transport enterprises, easy market entry or exit, and relatively flexible operating mechanisms. These features undoubtedly align well with modern societal economic development trends, making it the fastest-growing mode of transport in modern times.
II. Overview of Highway Transport Development
In the early days after the founding of New China, the total mileage of highways nationwide (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions) was only 80,000 kilometers, with very low technical standards. After decades of construction since the founding of New China, by 1996, the total mileage of highways nationwide reached 1.186 million kilometers, including 3,422 kilometers of expressways, over 15,000 kilometers of first- and second-class highways dedicated to automobiles, and 870,000 kilometers of fourth-grade and below highways. In some large economic regions, high-grade trunk highway networks centered around expressways have already been formed or are in the process of being formed. Nationwide, 100% of counties, over 95% of townships, and 74% of administrative villages have access to roads. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan," there were plans to concentrate efforts on constructing "three north-south and two east-west" main national trunk highways and two other major national trunk highways. Over five years, 100,000 kilometers of new roads (including approximately 60,000 kilometers in central and western regions) were added, bringing the total mileage to 1.26 million kilometers by the year 2000. Between 2001 and 2010, the focus will be on constructing the remaining "two north-south and five east-west" major sections of the "five north-south and seven east-west" national trunk highway network, accelerating the construction of other high-grade highways outside the national trunk highway system that experience particularly heavy traffic, improving and upgrading border port road standards, completing the rectification and renovation of defense roads such as the Sichuan-Tibet and Qinghai-Tibet highways, actively supporting the construction of roads for administrative villages without road access, and achieving basic road access for all administrative villages.
III. Issues Existing in Highway Transportation
Despite rapid development and significant achievements in highway transportation, many problems and difficulties still exist in the development process, mainly concentrated in the following areas.
1. Low level of transport productivity. Among commercial passenger and freight vehicles, the proportion of medium- and high-grade buses, especially high-grade buses, large-tonnage diesel trucks, and container specialized trucks is relatively low, far from meeting the needs of passengers and cargo owners.
2. Lagging behind in the construction of transport station infrastructure. Due to various reasons, the progress of passenger and freight transport station construction has been slow. To date, in some large and medium-sized cities, a considerable number of counties, and most towns, the infrastructure for passenger and freight transport stations remains insufficient and poorly equipped, becoming a weak link constraining the development of road transport, affecting the full functionality of road infrastructure and vehicle transport efficiency.
3. Low levels of transport organization and efficiency. In some regions, due to severe local protectionism, there exists mutual exclusion and closure between regions, which to some extent increases the no-load rate and reduces the level of transport organization, negatively impacting the establishment of a unified, open, competitive, and orderly national road transport market.
4. Lagging behind in transport legal system construction. Currently, the road transport industry still follows departmental regulations, lacking high-level management laws, which affects the administrative law enforcement work of the entire industry.
5. The work of transport administration needs further improvement and strengthening, and the quality of transport administration personnel requires further enhancement.
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