Names. Everyone has one, most people have a vague idea of what their own means, but few give them much more thought. The study of names is called onomastics, a field which touches on linguistics, history, anthropology, psychology, sociology, philology and much more.
When people refer to the "meaning of a name," they are most likely referring to the etymology, which is the original literal meaning. This website examines the etymology and history of all types of given names.