Please send this manual to every friend and loved one around you, and face the disaster with confidence and love, and welcome hope!
http://www.119oL.com URL navigation earthquake relief, love compilation
Earthquake Self-rescue Manual
Peking University Media People MSN Group @ Earthquake Relief, Love Compilation
http://www.119oL.com URL navigation.
Please send this manual to every friend and loved one around you, and face the disaster with confidence and love, and welcome hope!
Peking University Media People MSN Group @ Earthquake Relief, Love Compilation
What should you do if you encounter an earthquake?
l How to prepare for self-rescue before an earthquake?
After receiving an earthquake warning or noticing signs of an impending earthquake, the first thing to do is to prepare emergency disaster relief supplies. For example:
A. 1-2 days' drinking water and easily stored, convenient-to-eat food, noting that water and food should be replaced regularly according to their expiration dates.
If there are infants, prepare formula.
B. Portable radios, flashlights, dry batteries, candles, lighters, whistles,
hammers and other survival tools.
C. Some simple clothing, underwear, towels, toilet paper, gloves and other basic living necessities.
D. Prepare some cold medicine, gastrointestinal disease medicine, and bandages for external injuries,
as well as some emergency medicines.
E. Don't forget to carry cash, bank cards, ID cards, and valuables.
Prepare these things in advance, pack them in a bag and place it where it can be grabbed at any time, ready for use in case of an earthquake.
l What should you do when an earthquake suddenly occurs to ensure emergency self-rescue?
When an earthquake suddenly occurs, taking immediate precautions is very important for survival. Experience shows that during destructive earthquakes, from noticing ground lights and sounds, feeling vibrations, to buildings collapsing and causing disasters, there are only a few seconds, up to thirty seconds. This extremely short period is called the warning time. As long as people have certain knowledge, make preparations in advance, and remain calm during the quake, they can seize this precious time and successfully avoid the earthquake.
http://www.119oL.com URL navigation.
Please send this manual to every friend and loved one around you, and face the disaster with confidence and love, and welcome hope!
Peking University Media People MSN Group @ Earthquake Relief, Love Compilation
Someone surveyed 974 survivors of the Tangshan earthquake and found that 258 of them took emergency precautions. Of these 258 people, 188 survived, accounting for 72.9%. This indicates that as long as the method of avoiding danger is correct, the possibility of escape is quite high.
The principle of emergency avoidance is:
1. Take cover nearby
When a destructive earthquake suddenly occurs, taking cover nearby and evacuating quickly after the quake is a good way to respond. Of course, if you are on the ground floor or the first floor of a building, you can directly run to a safe location outside. In the records of the 1556 Shaanxi Huaxian earthquake of magnitude 8, it was also summarized: "Suddenly hearing changes, do not rush out, crouch and wait for stability, even if the nest collapses, there is still hope for intact eggs." This means that when an earthquake suddenly occurs, don't rush out but take temporary shelter and wait for the earthquake to pass; there is still hope for survival. This "crouching and waiting for stability" highly summarizes an important principle of emergency earthquake avoidance.
Why is it inappropriate to flee immediately during an earthquake? This is because:
— Now most urban residents live in high-rise buildings, making it impossible to reach the outside in time, instead leading to casualties due to trampling in the corridors.
— People entering or leaving buildings during an earthquake are most likely to be crushed or injured.
— During an earthquake, houses shake violently, causing doors and windows to deform, and it may be impossible to open them, losing valuable time for survival.
— During a major earthquake, people inside the house are shaken or thrown around, making standing and running extremely difficult.
In addition to the principle of "crouching and waiting for stability," attention should also be paid to not neglecting other aspects during an earthquake. Within a short period of time, the primary goal should be to protect oneself; only by ensuring one's own safety can one rescue loved ones or cherished belongings.
2. Adapt to local conditions and choose a safe and appropriate earthquake shelter location
l Family earthquake avoidance
The warning time for an earthquake is short, so indoor earthquake avoidance is more practical. The triangular spaces formed after a building collapses are often relatively safer areas where people survive. These are mainly the spaces formed between large collapsed objects and supporting structures. The places indoors that are prone to form triangular spaces are:
Generated by Foxit PDF Creator ©； Foxit Software
http://www.119oL.com URL navigation
Please send this manual to every friend and loved one around you, and face the disaster with confidence and love, and welcome hope!
Peking University Media People MSN Group @ Earthquake Relief, Love Compilation
1. Under the bed, near sturdy furniture;
2. At the base of interior walls, corners;
3. In kitchens, toilets, storage rooms, and other small spaces.
l Earthquake avoidance in public places
If you are in a public place, follow the instructions of the on-site staff, don't panic, don't rush to the exit, avoid crowds, and avoid being squeezed against walls or fences.
1. If you are in a cinema, theater, stadium, etc.:
Squat down or lie flat under the row of seats immediately; note to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers, fans, etc.; protect your head with a backpack, etc.;
After the earthquake has passed, follow the staff's instructions and evacuate in an organized manner.
2. If you are in a mall, bookstore, exhibition hall, subway, etc.:
First, choose sturdy counters, goods (such as low furniture), or pillars and squat down nearby, using your hands or other items to protect your head; avoid glass doors and windows, glass showcases, or counters; avoid tall, unstable, or heavy shelves, fragile items; avoid billboards, streetlights, and other tall or hanging objects.
Generated by Foxit PDF Creator ©； Foxit Software
http://www.119oL.com URL navigation
Please send this manual to every friend and loved one around you, and face the disaster with confidence and love, and welcome hope!
Peking University Media People MSN Group @ Earthquake Relief, Love Compilation
3. If you are in a moving electric (gas) vehicle:
Try to hold onto the handrails to avoid falling or getting injured; lower your center of gravity and stay near the seats. Get off the vehicle after the earthquake has passed.
l Outdoor earthquake avoidance:
If an earthquake occurs while you are outdoors, you should choose an open area nearby to take cover: squat down or lie flat to avoid falling; don't run around, avoid crowded places; don't return to buildings casually. Avoid tall buildings or structures: multi-story buildings, especially those with glass facades; overpasses, flyovers; tall chimneys, water towers. Avoid hazardous objects, tall or hanging objects, such as: transformers, power poles, streetlights, billboards, cranes, etc. Avoid other dangerous areas, such as: narrow streets; dilapidated houses, walls; parapet walls, tall doorways, awnings; piles of bricks, wood, etc.
l Earthquake avoidance in the wilderness
If an earthquake occurs while you are in the wild, you should:
1. Avoid dangerous environments near mountainsides, away from mountain bases, steep cliffs to prevent landslides, rockfalls, mudslides, etc.;
2. Avoid steep slopes and cliffs to prevent ground fissures and landslides, etc.
3. Evade landslides, slides, and mudflows: run perpendicular to the direction of rolling rocks, never follow the direction of the rolling rocks downhill; you can also hide under solid obstacles or squat in ditches and embankments; particularly protect your head.
Generated by Foxit PDF Creator ©； Foxit Software
http://www.119oL.com URL navigation.
Please send this manual to every friend and loved one around you, and face the disaster with confidence and love, and welcome hope!
Peking University Media People MSN Group @ Earthquake Relief, Love Compilation
l How to self-rescue and help each other after a strong earthquake?
—Stabilize the survival space, conserve energy, overcome fear, and wait for rescue.
After a destructive earthquake, whether buried people can be quickly and promptly rescued is crucial for reducing earthquake-related deaths.
Statistics from the Tangshan earthquake show that the survival rate of buried people rescued within half an hour after the earthquake reaches 95%, 81% within 24 hours,
and 53% within 48 hours. Therefore, organizing timely self-rescue and mutual assistance after an earthquake is very important, as time is life for the buried individuals.
l How to self-rescue if trapped after an earthquake?
Self-rescue refers to the efforts made by trapped individuals to utilize their environment to create conditions to eliminate dangers, preserve life,
and wait for rescue. People trapped under collapsed buildings during a major earthquake, as long as they are conscious and without serious injuries, should firmly believe in being rescued,
properly protect themselves, and actively implement self-rescue. If trapped under rubble during an earthquake, surrounded by darkness with only a small space,
you must not panic, maintain composure, believe that someone will come to rescue you, and do everything possible to protect yourself. After an earthquake,
there might be multiple aftershocks, worsening the situation. To avoid new injuries, overcome fear, strengthen your belief in survival, stabilize,
and try to improve your environment to escape danger. If unable to escape temporarily, avoid forced movements and do the following:
l Keep breathing clear:
Try to free your hands from the debris, remove debris from your head and chest,
and clear dust near your mouth and nose to avoid being crushed again and suffocating due to the dust from collapsed buildings; if you smell gas or toxic substances, cover your mouth, nose, and head with wet clothes;
l Maintain living space:
Avoid unstable debris above you and other objects that might fall,
expand and stabilize your living space, and ensure sufficient air. Use bricks and sticks to support the remaining walls to prevent further deterioration during aftershocks; expand activity space, and try to escape danger. Remember to move towards brighter, safer, and wider areas. However, never use open flames (to prevent igniting flammable gases) and avoid unsafe factors.
l Conserve energy
If no escape route is found, try to conserve energy, hit objects that can make noise with stones to signal for help, avoid crying, impatience,
and blind actions, which would consume a lot of energy and strength. Try to control your emotions or close your eyes and rest while waiting for rescuers.
l Sustain life
If trapped under the ruins for a long time, and rescuers haven't arrived or haven't heard your calls for help, find ways to sustain your life. Water and food must be conserved; try to find food and drinking water. If necessary, your own urine can serve as hydration. If injured, try to bandage yourself to avoid excessive bleeding. Try to prolong your survival time and wait for rescue.
l How to help each other after an earthquake when multiple people are buried?
Mutual assistance refers to rescue operations conducted by those who have escaped danger and specialized rescue personnel for those buried under the rubble. To maximize the rescue of endangered individuals, the following principles should be followed: rescue areas with more buried individuals first, meaning "more before less"; rescue nearby buried individuals first, meaning "near before far".
1. After an earthquake, actively participate in rescue efforts by placing your ear close to walls to listen for survivors' voices.
2. Expose the heads of victims first to keep their breathing unobstructed. If they are suffocating, perform artificial respiration immediately.
3. An earthquake happens instantly, and anyone should prioritize their own safety before initiating rescue efforts. Rescue those who are easier to save first, then those in more difficult situations; rescue those nearby first, then those farther away.
4. If the situation after the earthquake is complex and conditions are not suitable for immediate rescue, quickly seek external aid or try to extend the lives of those buried until professional rescue teams arrive and conduct the rescue operation.
Generated by Foxit PDF Creator ©； Foxit Software
http://www.119oL.com URL navigation