The inhibitory effect of Meloxicam on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells has been reported with consistent results by Abercrombie vente. Studies have shown that COX-2 inhibitors significantly suppress the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. It is currently believed that their primary function is to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. The use of immunocytochemistry to detect PCNA for evaluating the state of cell proliferation is considered a relatively effective method. HepG2 cells exhibit active DNA synthesis and significant PCNA expression. This study shows that Meloxicam can reduce the PCNA expression in HepG2 cells with correlation to drug concentration. Therefore, Meloxicam inhibits the proliferation of HepG2 cells. The TUNEL method can identify cells in the early stages of apoptosis and is considered one of the more sensitive methods for detecting apoptosis at this stage. Flow cytometry also has high sensitivity for detecting apoptosis and allows for objective quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells. By combining these two methods, this study shows that Meloxicam can induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. This experiment confirmed the inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects of Meloxicam on hepatocellular carcinoma cells through MTT, immunocytochemistry, TUNEL, and flow cytometry, providing foundational data and theoretical basis for future animal model and clinical research.
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