In 1956 cases of oncology products adverse reaction/incident report analysis, combined with ADPUADE problems, also requires our attention. Therefore, how to strengthen the monitoring of serious adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine will need to be addressed in future work. In 3.3 adverse drug reactions/events and route of administration, this group of case data shows that intravenous administration has an ADR/ADE incidence rate (84.97%), suggesting that intravenous administration is the main route leading to ADR/ADE in patients. After intravenous administration, on one hand, oncology products can rapidly kill tumor cells and play a therapeutic role; on the other hand, due to the selectivity of oncology products, after drug administration, they distribute throughout the body with blood flow and produce damage effects on normal tissue cells, which is a bad symptom. Severe cases can lead to organ failure and even death. Currently, intravenous administration has become a conventional delivery method for the clinical treatment of malignant tumors, so it is necessary to protect anticancer drugs in a timely manner. The use of a sufficient amount of clinical safety and reasonable use of anticancer drugs appears very important. This requires healthcare workers administering intravenous therapy to patients to strengthen the observation of patients. If ADR/ADE is found, prompt symptomatic treatment should be given.
In 3.4 adverse drug reactions/events involving digestive organs:
(1) Prejudice to this group, statistics show that antineoplastic agents cause gastrointestinal damage, with the main clinical manifestations being nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Most chemotherapy drugs can cause nausea and vomiting, which are easy to observe clinically and judge, so there are the most reports of nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting not only bring pain to the patient but may also affect the successful completion of treatment. Before treatment, active antiemetic drugs should be given to prevent the occurrence of nausea and vomiting; during and after treatment, nausea and vomiting should be promptly treated with antiemetic therapy.
(2) Systemic damage from antineoplastic treatment of malignant tumors may cause chills, fever, fatigue, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock and even death. In this set of statistics, there were 26 cases of anaphylactic shock, including 12 cases caused by paclitaxel and four cases by docetaxel, suggesting that anaphylactic shock is the most common taxane antineoplastic. Six cases of Taxol-induced anaphylactic shock had good prognoses after active rescue, with no deaths or sequelae. Before starting paclitaxel infusion, preventive anti-allergy treatment must be given. Within one hour after administration, there must be close observation, with respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure measured every 15 minutes.
(3) The majority of anticancer drugs can cause different degrees of damage to bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, leading to bone marrow suppression and blood system damage. A small number of severe bone marrow suppressions can be caused by chemotherapy, interrupting treatment on one hand and causing bleeding, infection, severe anemia, worsening the patient's condition. If not promptly treated, it can even endanger the lives of patients. Statistics show that paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, capecitabine, and gemcitabine are drugs that cause myelosuppression, severe granulocyte deficiency, and severe thrombocytopenia. After actively giving up the use of antineoplastic leukocyte treatment, transmission and antiplatelet therapy, and other treatments, the patients' white blood cells and platelets returned to normal without any deaths. It prompts that active treatment for severe bone marrow suppression is very important.
In summary, through a comprehensive analysis of 1956 cases of oncology ADR/ADE case reports in Jiangsu Province, the following conclusions were reached: ① Antineoplastic agents ADR/ADE are common in the elderly; ② Oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel rank high in causing ADR/ADE; ③ Intravenous drug adverse reaction rates are the highest; ④ Anticancer drugs ADR/ADE can affect multiple systems and organs, with digestive system damage and systemic blood system damage being the most common. These conclusions further explore the occurrence of anticancer ADR/ADE, providing a basis for developing rules and characteristics, helping to find positive and effective preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of antineoplastic agents ADR/ADE, thereby protecting patient medication safety.