A reasonable diet must be appropriate. Balanced nutrition is an important principle of a reasonable diet. Its reasonableness lies in its scientific nature. It is a conclusion drawn from countless examples and observation studies. This conclusion applies to everyone, has wide universality, that is, commonality. However, as individuals, people have small differences among the great similarities, with their own demand characteristics, which is individuality. Ignoring this individuality and not paying attention to individual differences will make it difficult to achieve balance. Therefore, for each specific person, it is also necessary to pursue appropriateness. This appropriateness means to suit individual nutritional needs. Pursuing appropriateness means to formulate a balanced diet according to individual nutritional needs. It is necessary to pay attention to individual age, physique, health status, and different labor intensity, which have different nutritional needs. Only by noticing these differences can we achieve balanced nutrition.
In terms of physical constitution, according to the view of traditional Chinese medicine, human physical constitution can be divided into: yin deficiency constitution, yang deficiency constitution, phlegm-dampness constitution, yin deficiency with fire exuberance constitution, etc. Different constitutions have different nutritional needs. For example, those with yang deficiency and fire exuberance constitution should eat less or avoid hot-natured foods such as spicy foods, smoked and grilled foods, tobacco, and alcohol. They should eat more cooling and yin-nourishing foods such as duck meat, abalone, and silver ear fungus. Although fruits can be eaten, they should not consume too much "hot-natured" fruits such as lychees and longans. Soy isoflavone effects. People with phlegm-dampness constitution, especially obese ones, belong to those with excessive phlegm and dampness stagnation. They should eat less or avoid foods that easily produce phlegm and assist dampness, such as rice cake made from glutinous rice, sweets, fried foods, fatty meat, cream, etc.
In terms of health status, health status is a comprehensive evaluation of human spirit, physical strength, thinking, and stress response capabilities. There are different states, including normal times (when there is no illness), illness period, and recovery period, each with corresponding nutritional needs. When formulating a diet, it is necessary to consider this appropriateness. For example, diabetic patients should strictly control the intake of carbohydrates during abnormal blood sugar periods. To supplement enough calories, some proteins can be appropriately increased, such as fish, meat, beans, and vegetables. However, the intake amount should also be controlled. Excessive intake can cause abnormal protein metabolism, leading to increased uric acid. This shows that balance and appropriateness must be combined to meet reasonable and scientific nutritional needs. Specific operational content can refer to relevant materials, which will not be detailed here.
In terms of age, during the growth and development process of individuals, different periods have different nutritional needs. The teenage years are a critical period for human growth and development. Energy and nutritional needs should be appropriately increased. Increase the intake of proteins and carbohydrates, and appropriately increase fat intake to meet the increasing energy demands. At the same time, sufficient vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, minerals calcium, and zinc should be supplemented to meet the needs of growth and development. In old age, physical strength gradually declines, activities relatively decrease, and energy demands also relatively decrease. Therefore, nutrition supply should also be relatively reduced. In food selection, it is necessary to choose easily digestible and nutritious foods. Relevant nutritional characteristics and needs of the elderly can be found in Chapter Four.
In terms of labor intensity, different labor methods have different nutritional needs. Generally speaking, physical labor requires increased energy needs, and the proportion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats should be correspondingly increased. Physical labor is divided into heavy physical labor and light physical labor, with different nutritional requirements. Mental workers, due to less physical activity and less energy consumption, but more mental consumption, should appropriately increase some proteins, especially fish and meat proteins. Due to less activity, soy isoflavone effects, fat intake should not be increased to avoid fat accumulation and obesity. In labor methods, there are high-temperature operations such as metallurgy and glass industries; flight operations such as pilots and astronauts, all of whom have corresponding nutritional needs, which will not be detailed here.
It can be seen that a reasonable and scientific diet not only needs to be balanced but also needs to be appropriate. Only by paying attention to the appropriateness of individuality can the goal of universal balance be achieved.
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