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First Chapter: World Records
Natural Environment
01 The highest point of the world's land: Mount Everest. On May 22, 2005, China remeasured the height of Mount Everest with a precise new height of 8844.43 meters. At the same time, the 1975 data of 8848.13 meters was discontinued.
02 World heat extreme: Basra (Iraq) Highest record: 58.8℃
03 World cold extreme: Near the South Pole (Vostok Station) Lowest record: -89.2℃
04 Region with the largest annual temperature difference: Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon (annual temperature difference of 107.7℃, Russia)
05 Region with the smallest annual temperature difference: Quito (annual temperature difference of 0.6℃, Ecuador)
06 World wettest place: Waialeale (located in Hawaii, USA) It rains on average 335 days a year, with an annual rainfall of 12244 mm
07 World driest place: Atacama Desert (South America) Average annual rainfall is less than 0.1 mm, there was no rain from 1845 to 1936 for 91 years
08 World rainiest place: Cherrapunji (India), Annual rainfall 10841 mm, in 1861 annual rainfall reached 20447 mm
09 The lowest point of the world's land: Dead Sea (altitude -415 meters)
10 The mountain range with the highest average altitude and most peaks in the world: Himalayas (above 7000 meters in altitude and over 50 peaks above 7000 meters)
11 The largest mountain and volcano by volume on Earth: Mauna Loa (Hawaii Island, altitude 4,169 meters, volcanic volume reaches 75,000 cubic kilometers)
12 The tallest volcano and extinct volcano on Earth: Aconcagua (altitude 6,960 meters, the highest peak in the western and southern hemispheres)
13 The tallest active volcano on Earth: Ojos del Salado (altitude 6,893 meters)
14 The tallest island mountain peak: Puncak Jaya (New Guinea Island, altitude 4,884 meters)
15 The longest terrestrial mountain range: Andes (length 7,500 km)
16 The longest submarine mountain range: Mid-Ocean Ridge (length 80,000 km)
17 The lowest volcano: Mount Kasa (Kasa Mountain, Japan, height 112 meters)
18 The longest mountain system: Cordillera System (15,000 km)
19 The largest volcanic crater: Mount Aso (circumference over 100 km, Japan)
20 The volcano with the most eruptions: Mount Etna (reached 210 times, Italy)
21 The deepest and largest volume sinkhole: Xiaozhai Tiankeng, Fengjie County, Chongqing (China)
22 The longest river: Nile River, Amazon River is controversial. The length of the Nile River is 6695 km, which is widely recognized as the world's longest river. However, recently, a scientific expedition team composed of Brazil and Peru, after a long journey, discovered a new source of the Amazon River. This source makes the length of the Amazon River reach 6800 km, becoming the longest river, but it has caused controversy among experts.
23 The river with the largest water flow: Amazon River
24 The largest plateau: Brazilian Highlands (Brazil)
25 The highest plateau: Tibetan Plateau (China)
26 The largest lake: Caspian Sea
27 The largest freshwater lake: Lake Superior
28 The largest group of freshwater lakes: Great Lakes (Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario)
29 The deepest lake: Lake Baikal (Russia, with the most fresh water)
30 The largest plain: Amazon Plain (Brazil)
31 The largest basin: Congo Basin (Africa)
32 The largest desert: Sahara Desert (Africa)
33 The largest peninsula: Arabian Peninsula (Asia)
34 The largest island: Greenland (North America)
35 The deepest ocean trench: Mariana Trench (Pacific Ocean, -11,033 meters)
36 The freshest sea: Baltic Sea (Europe) (salinity only 7-8‰, salinity in each bay is even lower, only 2‰)
37 The saltiest sea: Red Sea (salinity in the northern part is 42‰, much higher than the world average sea salinity of 35‰)
38 The shallowest sea: Azov Sea (average depth 8 meters)
39 The largest sea: Coral Sea
40 The smallest sea: Marmara Sea (Turkey)