A machine for printing text and images. Modern printing presses generally consist of institutions such as plate installation, ink application, impression, paper feeding (including folding). Its working principle is: first, the text and images to be printed are made into printing plates, which are then installed on the printing press. Afterward, either manually or through the printing press, ink is applied to the areas of the printing plate with text and images. Then, directly or indirectly, these are transferred onto paper or other printing substrates (such as textiles, metal sheets, plastics, leather, wooden boards, glass, and ceramics), thus reproducing prints identical to the printing plate. The invention and development of the printing press have played a significant role in the spread of human civilization and culture.
The printing press is divided into relief, planographic, intaglio, and stencil types according to the form of the printing plate; and into flatbed-planetary, flatbed-cylinder, and rotary presses according to the installation of the plate and impression structure.