Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving many systems and organs. Due to dysfunctions in cellular and humoral immunity, various autoantibodies are produced. SLE can affect the skin, serous membranes, joints, kidneys, and the central nervous system, etc., with its characteristic of autoimmune response. Patients with SLE have multiple autoantibodies in their bodies, which not only impact humoral immunity but also cellular immunity, and involve the complement system.