What should be done for phlebitis during pregnancy and puerperium? What are the causes of thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities during pregnancy and puerperium? First of all, this is related to the special physiological changes in women's bodies during pregnancy and puerperium. During pregnancy, some coagulation factors in the body increase, their activity enhances, platelet function becomes hyperactive, while anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity decreases, putting the blood in a hypercoagulable state. In addition, the enlarged uterus compresses the pelvic vessels, affecting the return flow of venous blood in the lower extremities, leading to blood stasis. These factors together constitute a pre-thrombotic state during pregnancy. On this basis, if certain complications or comorbidities of pregnancy occur, such as puerperal infection, long-term bed rest during the puerperium, these are inducements for thrombophlebitis.
Because under pathological conditions with pregnancy complications or comorbidities, such as gestational hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, placental abruption, postpartum bleeding, or history of intrauterine manipulation during delivery, local vasoconstriction, narrowing of the lumen, vascular wall damage, and ischemia-hypoxia can occur, causing vascular endothelial cells to release tissue factors that promote blood coagulation. Surgical trauma can cause reactive changes in platelets. Anaerobic bacterial infections produce heparinase which degrades heparin, making the local blood hypercoagulable. Long-term bed rest after cesarean section or normal delivery can slow down the return flow of venous blood in the lower extremities. Surgery and infection often lead to venous wall injury. Postpartum insufficient intake makes the blood relatively viscous.
All these adverse factors can cause thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities. Once thrombophlebitis occurs in the lower extremities clinically, patients may present the following symptoms: pain, swelling, tenderness, abnormal skin color in the affected limb, and palpable tender cord-like objects at the site of embolism. Color Doppler ultrasound examination can assist in confirming the diagnosis. The treatment for thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities includes anti-infection, anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and supportive therapy. Reducing the harm of thrombophlebitis to pregnant and postpartum women mainly depends on prevention, which includes multiple preventive measures:
1. Regular prenatal check-ups during pregnancy, early diagnosis and treatment of predisposing factors, reducing the occurrence of pregnancy complications or comorbidities.
2. For those with high-risk factors for thrombus formation during pregnancy or puerperium, treatments such as aspirin, Persantin, low molecular weight dextran, etc., can be accepted under a doctor's guidance to improve the hypercoagulable state of the blood and promote normal blood flow.
3. Use antibiotics to prevent infection if there is a history of surgery.
4. Encourage early activity for postpartum and postoperative mothers to reduce the occurrence of thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities.
The above is a detailed introduction by experts on what to do for phlebitis during pregnancy and puerperium, hoping it can help you. If you have more questions, you can consult online with experts from Shanxi Yikang Peripheral Vascular Hospital. Finally, wishing you good health.
For more details, please visit the phlebitis special section of Shanxi Yikang Peripheral Vascular Hospital: http://www.sxykmgy.com/jingmaiyan/ or consult the experts for free. Experts will provide detailed answers based on the specific conditions of the patient.
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