2. Smoking is prohibited to prevent and cure age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Smoking is a currently widespread unhealthy habit throughout the world, and it is one of the main risk factors for various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It also increases the likelihood of developing AMD. In the United States, 20% of deaths each year are caused by smoking-related complications. Smoking causes varying degrees of damage to all parts of the eye. The main harmful components in tobacco include nicotine, tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, etc. Cigarette smoke also contains multiple heavy metals and harmful minerals such as aluminum, lead, and mercury. Nicotine can cause vasoconstriction, leading to ischemia and hypoxia in ocular tissues. Nicotine and carbon monoxide can alter blood viscosity and increase platelet aggregation, which makes it easier for thrombosis to occur and may result in ocular vascular lesions. Smokers have a 6.6 times higher risk of developing AMD than non-smokers. Passive smokers also face an increased risk of developing AMD.