What are the main clinical manifestations of diabetic foot? Diabetic foot is one of the most severe complications of diabetes. The clinical manifestations of diabetic foot are related to five aspects: neuropathy, vascular disease, formation of lower extremity ulcers, infection, and gangrene.
(1) Manifestations of neuropathy in diabetic foot: Due to neuropathy, the skin of the affected limb is dry without sweating, with pricking pain, burning pain, numbness, decreased or lost sensation, presenting a sock-like change, and feeling like stepping on cotton; due to poor nutrition at the extremities, muscle atrophy occurs, and the flexor and extensor muscles lose normal traction tension balance, causing bone depression and bending of the interphalangeal joints, leading to foot deformities such as arch feet, hammer toes, and claw toes. When the bones, joints, and surrounding soft tissues of the patient suffer from overuse injuries, continued walking can easily lead to bone and joint injuries and ligament damage, resulting in multiple fractures and ligament ruptures, forming Charcot joints. X-ray examination often shows bone destruction, with some small bone fragments detaching from the periosteum to form dead bones.
(2) Manifestations of vascular disease in diabetic foot: Coldness, fear of cold or heat, numbness, and pain in the feet, which worsen in cold seasons or at night. Some patients may experience intermittent claudication. As the condition worsens, the skin becomes dry, waxy, less elastic, with reduced temperature, pale or cyanotic skin, sparse body hair, thickened and deformed toenails, and muscle atrophy. The dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery pulses weaken or disappear, and vascular murmurs can be heard at sites of vascular stenosis. Ulcers and gangrene may even appear in the foot.
(3) Diabetic foot ulcers can be divided into neurogenic ulcers, ischemic ulcers, and mixed ulcers. Neurogenic ulcers often occur on the soles of the feet or present with neurogenic arthropathy, characterized by normal foot skin temperature, numbness, dryness, not obvious pain, and good arterial pulsation in the foot; simple ischemic ulcers are relatively rare, with these patients having reduced foot skin temperature, possibly accompanied by rest pain, ulcers and gangrene at the edges of the foot, and disappearance of arterial pulsation in the foot; patients with mixed ulcers have manifestations of both peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease.
What are the main clinical manifestations of diabetic foot? The above is a detailed introduction by experts on the main clinical manifestations of diabetic foot, hoping to help you. If you have more questions, you can consult online with the experts at Shanxi Yikang Peripheral Vascular Hospital. Finally, wishing you good health.
For more details, please visit the diabetic foot section of Shanxi Yikang Peripheral Vascular Hospital: http://www.sxykmgy.com/tangniaobingzu/ or consult the experts for free. The experts will provide detailed answers based on the specific conditions of the patients.
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