Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a common type of gynecological inflammation and also a type that women are prone to. However, many women do not know what examinations they need if they suffer from PID. The examination for PID is very important for patients as it helps doctors understand the patient's condition. So, what tests do women with pelvic inflammatory disease need? The gynecological experts of Xi'an Gynecology Hospital provide a detailed introduction:
1. Direct Smear of Secretions
Samples can be taken from vaginal secretions, cervical canal secretions, or urethral secretions, or peritoneal fluid (obtained through the posterior fornix, abdominal wall, or laparoscope), make a direct thin-layer smear, dry it, then stain it with methylene blue or Gram stain. If Gram-negative diplococci are seen within polymorphonuclear leukocytes, it indicates gonorrhea infection. Since the detection rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the cervical canal is only 67%, a negative smear cannot rule out the presence of gonorrhea, but a positive smear is highly specific. For Chlamydia trachomatis microscopy, fluorescent monoclonal antibody dye can be used. If a star-like flashing fluorescence point is observed under the fluorescence microscope, it is positive.
2. Pathogen Culture
The specimen source is the same as above, it should be inoculated on Thayer-Martin medium immediately or within 30 seconds, incubated at 35℃ for 48 hours, and bacterial identification is performed by sugar fermentation. A new relatively fast chlamydia enzyme test has replaced the traditional chlamydia detection method, mammalian cell culture can also be used to detect Chlamydia trachomatis antigens, this method is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The average sensitivity is 89.5%, with 98.4% specificity. Bacteriological culture can also obtain other aerobic and anaerobic strains, which serve as the basis for selecting antibiotics.
3. Posterior Fornix Puncture
Posterior fornix puncture is one of the most commonly used and valuable diagnostic methods for gynecological acute abdomen. Through puncture, the contents of the peritoneal cavity or uterine rectal fossa obtained, such as normal peritoneal fluid, blood (fresh, old, coagulated blood threads, etc.), purulent secretions or pus, can further clarify the diagnosis. Microscopic examination and culture of the puncture material are necessary.
4. Ultrasound Examination
Mainly B-mode or gray-scale ultrasound scanning and imaging, this technique has an 85% accuracy in identifying masses or abscesses formed by adhesions between the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and intestines. However, mild or moderate pelvic inflammatory disease is difficult to show characteristic features on B-mode ultrasound images.
5. Laparoscopic Examination
If it is not diffuse peritonitis and the patient's general condition is still good, laparoscopic examination can be performed on patients with pelvic inflammatory disease or suspected pelvic inflammatory disease and other acute abdomen patients. Laparoscopic examination can not only confirm the diagnosis and differential diagnosis but also preliminarily determine the severity of pelvic inflammatory disease lesions.
6. Examination of Male Partners
This is helpful for the diagnosis of female pelvic inflammatory disease. The urethral secretion of the male partner can be taken for direct smear staining or Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture. If positive results are found, it is strong evidence, especially in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic cases. Or a large number of white blood cells may be discovered. If all male partners of PID patients are treated regardless of whether they have symptoms of urethritis, it is clearly meaningful to reduce recurrence.
Warm Recommendations from Xi'an Sanqin Hospital - Combined Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, the characteristics of this therapy are as follows:
Characteristic 1: Advanced high-tech equipment is used, microwave therapy instruments, light spectrum therapy instruments, pelvic inflammatory disease treatment instruments, multi-functional treatment systems are used to treat pathogenic bacteria;
Characteristic 2: Combined Chinese and Western Medicine Therapy is non-toxic and has no side effects, it kills pathogens, viruses, and inflammatory cells while mobilizing the body's immune system and enhancing human immunity;
Characteristic 3: Combined Chinese and Western Medicine eliminates inflammation while using highly targeted refined pure Chinese medicine formulas, organically combining "washing, applying, infusing, and taking" to eliminate inflammation while treating other conditions of the patient. In clinical treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease, physical therapy combined with drug therapy is often used.
Xi'an Sanqin Hospital is a hospital dedicated to women's health and maintaining women's charm. Combining the needs of women seeking medical care, it implements "one-to-many" expert cluster care, with an outstanding authoritative medical system, comprehensively ensuring women's health. We welcome patients to seek medical care at our hospital, and Xi'an Sanqin Hospital wishes you good health!
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