What are the methods to prevent bedsores? Good care is always the prerequisite for preventing bedsores. Therefore, it is necessary to make a correct assessment of the factors that make bedsores more likely to occur, take effective protective measures, formulate dietary plans, and carry out health education. Because only when clinical nurses fully understand the causes, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of bedsores can they promptly detect the condition and take corresponding measures. This can prevent the occurrence of bedsores, reduce the suffering of patients, and improve the therapeutic effect. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve the "five dilligences", which are frequent turning over, frequent cleaning, frequent massage, frequent tidying up, and frequent changing. Next, Director Zhao Jianlin from Shanxi Taiyuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Bedsores Hospital will give everyone a detailed introduction!
What are the methods to prevent bedsores?
1. Avoid prolonged pressure on local tissues
Change positions frequently to alternately relieve pressure on bony prominences. Experiments have shown that if the capillary pressure exceeds 2.13kPa (16mmHg), it can block the capillary perfusion of tissues. If it exceeds 2.67kPa (20mmHg) and lasts for 2-4 hours, it can cause bedsores. This suggests that intermittently relieving local pressure is an effective method to prevent bedsores. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage and assist long-term bedridden patients to turn over frequently, once every 2-3 hours, with the longest interval not exceeding 4 hours. In some cases, it may be necessary to turn over every hour and establish a bedside record card for turning over. Place support objects on bony prominences to reduce local pressure. You can also use air cushions, cotton rings, cotton pads, or sponge pads, etc., to continuously inflate and deflate them, using the principle of moving pressure points to ensure even pressure distribution across the patient's body. For patients who sit in wheelchairs for a long time, the ischial tuberosities are the most prone areas for bedsores. Move the pressured areas every 20-30 minutes by leaning the patient forward, backward, or side-to-side in the chair. Using an electric wheelchair to automatically adjust posture is also feasible.
2. Reduce friction and shear force
When moving patients or helping them turn over, try to lift their bodies as much as possible to avoid dragging, pulling, or pushing to prevent skin abrasions. Keep the surfaces of chairs and beds flat without hard objects or extra items. Ensure the bed is smooth and wrinkle-free, and do not use cracked or chipped bedpans. Assist patients in lifting their buttocks and place soft paper or cotton pads under the bedpan to prevent skin abrasions.
3. Prevent moisture and excrement stimulation
Keep the skin clean and dry, treat urinary and fecal incontinence. If ineffective, consider placing a urinary catheter and clean it in time. For patients who sweat a lot or have excessive secretions, change the sheets frequently or use absorbent padding to keep the local skin flat as much as possible.
4. Enhance nutrition and increase resistance
Elderly patients should be given nutritious and easily digestible diets. Bedsores often occur in patients with negative nitrogen balance, so strengthening dietary supplementation can significantly reduce the risk of bedsores. If eating is difficult, supportive therapy may be needed, such as fluid replacement, blood transfusions, intravenous high-nutrient infusions, etc., to enhance resistance and tissue repair capabilities. If there is suspected vitamin or mineral deficiency, appropriate supplements should be provided.
5. Promote local circulation
Regular warm water baths, local massages, and timely massages with 50% alcohol or red flower oil on the entire back or pressured areas can help unblock meridians, promote blood circulation, improve local nutritional conditions, and enhance skin resistance.
6. Others
Treat other diseases that restrict movement or systemic conditions such as fractures, arthritis, diabetes, heart failure, severe spasms, etc. Minimize skin damage caused by excessive bathing, hard objects, sunlight, cold, etc.
What are the methods to prevent bedsores? Through reading the above article, I believe everyone has gained some understanding of how to prevent bedsores. If you still have questions about preventing bedsores, please consult the experts at Shanxi Taiyuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Bedsores Hospital in a timely manner.
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