The symptoms of infectious lymphedema include bacterial, fungal, and filarial infections. Cracks or blisters on the skin of the toes are the most common route of entry for pathogenic bacteria. Secondary to this, varicose veins in the lower extremities with ulcers and subsequent infections, as well as other local injuries or infections, also serve as pathways for bacterial invasion. Additionally, pelvic lymphadenitis caused by pelvic inflammatory disease in women has been reported to obstruct lymphatic drainage in the lower extremities due to impaired lymph flow. Streptococcus is the most common pathogen causing secondary infections. Clinically, it is characterized by recurrent episodes of acute cellulitis and acute lymphangitis, with worsening systemic symptoms such as chills, high fever, nausea, and vomiting. Local lymph nodes swell and become tender upon palpation. Systemic symptoms tend to subside relatively quickly with anti-inflammatory symptomatic treatment, but local lesions resolve more slowly and are prone to recurrence. After each episode, swelling in the lower extremities worsens, eventually leading to rough skin and wart-like hyperplasia. In some cases, chronic ulcers may develop secondarily.
Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) itself or secondary infections can also cause lymphedema, usually limited to the feet and dorsum of the foot. Severe fungal infections are often a precursor to acute cellulitis and acute lymphangitis. Controlling fungal infections is one of the effective measures to prevent lymphedema.
Filarial infection is a common cause of lower extremity lymphedema in southeastern coastal regions of China, with an incidence rate of 4-7%, and males are more commonly affected. In the early stages of filarial infection, there may be varying degrees of fever and localized swelling and pain. Repeated filarial infections lead to narrowing, occlusion, and destruction of local lymphatic vessels in the lower extremities, obstructing lymphatic return in the distal skin and subcutaneous tissues. This creates a vicious cycle where impaired lymphatic drainage and infection exacerbate each other, ultimately resulting in the classic "elephant leg." Among these, scrotal lymphedema is not uncommon, and in advanced stages, it can lead to extreme enlargement of the scrotum. This is one of the major characteristics of filarial lymphedema.
What are the symptoms of infectious lymphedema? The above is a detailed introduction by experts on the symptoms of infectious lymphedema, hoping to help you. If you have more questions, you can consult the experts at Shanxi Yikang Peripheral Vascular Hospital online. Finally, wishing you good health.
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