It is easy to induce rectitis in summer. In mild cases of rectitis, only the mucosa is inflamed; in severe cases, the inflammation involves the submucosa, muscle layer, or even the surrounding tissues of the rectum. Sometimes, only part of the rectal mucosa is affected, sometimes the entire rectal mucosa is inflamed, and it can also involve some of the colonic mucosa. According to traditional Chinese medicine, rectitis is related to "internal damp-heat", "food stagnation", "spleen-stomach deficiency" and "parasitic accumulation with dampness stagnation". Zhengzhou Anus and Rectum Hospital introduced that rectitis is common in people with weak physical constitution and low resistance, as well as those with heart, lung, liver, gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory infections, infectious diseases afterward, constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, anal and rectal prolapse, anal fistula, polyps, anal and rectal stenosis, rectal tumors, rectal injuries, foreign bodies, etc., all of which can cause rectal inflammation. Severe cases need immediate surgery at the hospital. Early symptoms of rectitis include: 1) Alternating constipation and diarrhea in rectitis, with mucus and blood streaks in the stool, and burning pain during defecation. Due to secretions stimulation, the skin around the anus may peel off, sometimes forming fissures and itching, fullness and discomfort in the lower abdomen, loss of appetite, weight loss, and general malaise. 2) Symptoms of rectitis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloating. It should be noted that rectitis can also cause severe anal pain, so when anal pain occurs, a careful diagnosis should be made, and the cause should be found through an electronic anal scope for targeted treatment. 3) Patients with rectitis mainly complain of rectal bleeding or discharge of mucus from the rectum. Rectitis caused by gonorrhea, herpes simplex, or cytomegalovirus can be accompanied by severe anal and rectal pain. How to diagnose patients with rectitis? Diagnosis requires confirmation through proctoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, which can find rectal mucosal inflammation. Cultures of bacteria, fungi, and viruses causing disease are taken from smears and tissues obtained from the rectal wall; Tzanck tests to identify multinucleated giant cells under the microscope, syphilis serological tests, and evaluations of Clostridium difficile in stools for diagnosis. Sometimes a mucosal biopsy is needed. It can be seen that when diagnosing anal and rectal diseases, especially in some cases of rectitis, it cannot rely solely on the symptoms of rectitis for diagnosis. Assessment of other parts of the intestine through Japanese Olympus electronic colonoscopy may have value.