Preventive measures for controlling coronary heart disease

by 60888888 on 2010-02-03 14:39:52

Yesterday I introduced to everyone the complications of hypertension: coronary heart disease. Since the beginning of the 20th century, people have been making unremitting efforts to treat coronary heart disease. From the initial alleviation of symptoms and reduction of pain, it has gradually developed into surgical cure and balloon stent interventional treatment. In line with the current trend of scientific and technological development, drug-eluting stents have emerged, leading to a wave of enthusiasm for treating coronary heart disease with drug-eluting stents. Therefore, today I would like to introduce how to prevent coronary heart disease?

The key to controlling coronary heart disease lies in prevention. Although coronary heart disease is a common and frequent disease among middle-aged and elderly people, its pathological basis of atherosclerosis begins in childhood, providing an extremely valuable opportunity for preventive work over the intervening decades. Therefore, strengthening primary prevention to prevent the occurrence of coronary artery atherosclerosis and nip coronary heart disease in the bud; attaching importance to secondary prevention, improving the early detection rate of coronary heart disease in the entire community, strengthening treatment, preventing the progression of lesions and striving for their reversal; tertiary prevention must not be neglected, timely control of complications, improving the quality of life of patients, and extending the lives of patients.

Primary prevention of coronary heart disease refers to the intervention of risk factors. The prevention of coronary heart disease can adopt two preventive strategies: targeting the entire population and high-risk populations. The former is to change the living behavior habits, social structures, and economic factors related to coronary heart disease risk factors in a certain population, region or country, aiming to reduce the average value of risk factors in the population; the latter is to target individuals with one or more recognized (such as hypertension, smoking, etc.) risk factors that have a clear causal relationship with coronary heart disease, reducing the level of these risk factors effectively reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease. Currently, the recognized risk factors for coronary heart disease include being male, middle-aged and older people over 40 years old, having a family history of early-onset coronary heart disease, smoking (current smoking >10 cigarettes/day), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, severe obesity (overweight >30%), and a clear history of cerebral vascular or peripheral vascular obstruction. Among these, hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking are considered the three main risk factors for coronary heart disease. Except for gender, age, and family history, all other risk factors can be prevented and treated.

Coronary heart disease starts in childhood, and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions is a long process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop good living habits and healthy lifestyles from a young age. The dietary structure should be reasonable (please refer to the diet for hypertension), avoiding excessive intake of fat and large amounts of sweets, strengthening physical exercise, and preventing obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Overweight and obese individuals should actively reduce calorie intake and increase physical activity. Patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes should not only pay attention to the intervention of risk factors but also actively control blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipids. Vigorously promote anti-smoking campaigns, especially stopping children from becoming the next generation of smokers.