When it comes to the causes of vitiligo, it becomes a big mystery. Not much information about vitiligo has been discovered yet. There are some theories regarding its cause. Vitiligo is a skin pigmentation disorder that produces milky white patches on the skin. This skin condition is a pigment abnormality. Melanocytes (cells that produce pigment) get damaged or begin to malfunction, resulting in white patches or blotches appearing on the skin. Generally, three main theories have been proposed for the cause of vitiligo.