Raynaud's phenomenon, also known as Raynaud's syndrome, is a vasomotor disorder characterized by paroxysmal spasm of small arteries. It manifests as pallor, cyanosis, and redness of the fingertips (toe tips) when hands or feet are exposed to cold or emotional stress. The symptoms often recur, and in severe cases, episodes can occur even in warm environments without any stimuli. Generally, it is more common in female patients, and the incidence in hands is higher than in feet.
A typical Raynaud's phenomenon includes the following four characteristics:
First, it is symmetrical; during an attack, both hands often experience symptoms simultaneously, and it can also affect the feet. In severe cases, it may involve the earlobes and the tip of the nose. When initially discovered, it usually affects these two fingers or one finger, potentially spreading to all four fingers. In severe cases, it can affect all five fingers. The first point I want to make is...