Varicose veins refer to the condition where veins become "bent" and "dilated". Veins are originally straight, but due to obstruction of venous return in the lower limbs, the pressure inside the cavity increases, causing the superficial veins to become curved and tortuous, winding and dilated, resembling earthworms coiled under the skin of the limbs. This pathological morphological change is called varicose veins. The severity of varicosity varies; mild cases only show simple venous varicosity without symptoms, while severe cases involve not only varicose veins and nodules, but also thrombosis, hardening, valve fibrosis, and blockage of venous blood flow within the curved veins. Affected limbs may experience sensations of soreness, heaviness, itching, and heat. Eventually, the affected limb may suffer from severe congestion, hypoxia, ulceration, infection, leading to leg ulcers.
Weak venous walls and defective valves...