Signs:
Nutritional disturbances: Limb ischemia can cause varying degrees of nutritional disturbances, including dry skin, scaling, cracking, reduced or stopped sweating, loss of hair on the dorsum of toes, foot, and lower leg, thickened, deformed nails with slow or halted growth; reduced circumference of the calf, relaxed and atrophied muscles; contraction and thinning of fingers (toes).
Weakened or absent arterial pulsation: The pulse of the dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, and popliteal arteries is often weakened or cannot be palpated. Sometimes it may affect the radial and ulnar arteries of the upper limbs, making their pulses unpalpable.
Thromboangiitis obliterans: In the early stage, after emotional stimulation or exposure to cold, the fingers (toes) become pale, then flushed, followed by cyanosis.
Gangrene and ulcers: This occurs in limbs...