Introduction to Mandibular Plastic Surgery
The mandible is located below the maxilla and is divided into a horizontal body and two vertical rami on each side. The body is bow-shaped, with a smooth lower edge and an upper edge that houses the lower dental arch.
The outer surface is smooth, with a forward projection in the center called the mental protuberance. Lateral to this, beneath the third molar, there is the mental foramen. On the inner surface of the body, along the midline, there is a sharp projection known as the mental spine. Below it, on either side, there are grooves called the digastric fossae. Extending obliquely upward and outward from the upper edge of these fossae is the oblique line, also known as the mylohyoid line. Above and below this line are shallow depressions; the one above and inside is called the sublingual fossa, while the one below and outside is called the submandibular fossa. The ramus extends posteriorly and superiorly, bifurcating at its end to form two projections: the anterior one is called the coronoid process, and the posterior one is called the condylar process. Between them is a depression known as the mandibular notch. The upper end of the condylar process is enlarged and is called the mandibular head, which tapers slightly below to form the mandibular neck. There is a small depression on the anterior surface of the neck called the pterygomandibular fossa. In the central part of the medial surface of the ramus, there is the mandibular foramen, which connects via the mandibular canal to the mental foramen. Anterior to the mandibular foramen is a small bony projection partially covering it, called the lingula of mandible. The junction between the ramus and the body is thickened and is called the mandibular angle. On the external surface of the angle, there is a roughened area called the masseteric tuberosity, while on the internal surface, there is another roughened area called the pterygomandibular tuberosity.
Oval faces and egg-shaped faces have always been considered standard beautiful face shapes. However, when you are born, you cannot choose your own face shape. If you were "unfortunately" born with a square "guozi" face, or if no matter how hard you try, you can't lose the chubby cheeks, then the title of "beauty" will probably be out of reach for you.