The "Book of Rites ยท Marriage Rites" records: "In ancient times, the Empress established six palaces, with three consorts, nine wives, twenty-seven senior concubines, and eighty-one junior concubines," corresponding to "The Son of Heaven establishes six officials, three dukes, nine ministers, twenty-seven doctors, and eighty-one learned scholars." One is for "internal governance," and the other for "external governance," forming a perfect counterpart. An article in Hong Kong's "Wen Hui Bao" pointed out that in reality, emperors of later generations had hundreds or even thousands of concubines.