As we all know, Northeast China monkey head mushroom is an edible and medicinal fungus that people like to eat. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the consumption of Northeast China monkey head mushrooms has also been increasing continuously. The market price is as high as more than 20 yuan per kilogram, but it is still in short supply, and the price remains stable with a rising trend. However, traditional methods such as bottle cultivation, bag cultivation, brick cultivation, and log cultivation not only destroy a large amount of forest resources, but also waste a lot of manpower and material resources, and have low output and high cost. After many years of experiments and practice by the technical personnel of Beijing Jingdu Mushroom Development Center, the largest edible fungus enterprise in China, they recently launched a new technology for three-dimensional bag cultivation of monkey head mushrooms in China. This technology saves labor and materials, has high yield and good quality. The three-dimensional cultivation completely abandons the traditional method and adds growth hormones, which can shorten the traditional bacteria germination time by 10-15 days. It makes the input-output ratio of Northeast China monkey head mushrooms as high as 1:2-1:5, and the growth cycle of Northeast China monkey head mushrooms is only three months. With less investment, quick results, and high benefits, it is undoubtedly a good project for farmers to get rich early. Now I will introduce the key points of this technology for your reference in production practice.
1. Cultivation season of Northeast China monkey head mushrooms. According to the reproductive characteristics and climatic conditions of Northeast China monkey head mushrooms, cultivation should be carried out when the temperature is between 20°C and 28°C (germination period temperature), and one month later when the temperature drops below 20°C. Seeds are made in August and September in autumn, and October is the appropriate time for cultivation. Cultivation can also be carried out in late spring and early summer.
2. Cultivation site of Northeast China monkey head mushrooms. Artificial cultivation of Northeast China monkey head mushrooms mostly adopts indoor or solar greenhouse cultivation. It requires cleanliness and hygiene, thermal insulation, moisture retention, scattered light, and ventilation to ensure temperature and humidity. Light and ventilation are beneficial for the growth of monkey head mushrooms.
3. Raw material formula. There are many raw materials for cultivating Northeast China monkey head mushrooms. Broad-leaved tree sawdust, cottonseed hulls, sugarcane residue, corn core, and alcohol dregs are used as the main raw materials, and wheat bran, rice bran, and gypsum powder are added as auxiliary materials. The selected raw materials must be dry, fresh, and free of mold. Common culture medium formulas are as follows:
1. Miscellaneous wood chips: 78%, rice bran or wheat bran: 20%, sugar: 1%, gypsum powder: 1%.
2. Cottonseed hulls: 98%, sugar: 1%, gypsum powder: 1%.
3. Rice straw: 66%, rice bran or wheat bran: 30%, peanut shell powder: 2%, gypsum powder: 1%, superphosphate: 1%.
4. Wheat grass powder: 78%, wheat bran: 20%, gypsum powder: 1%, sugar: 1%.
5. Corn core powder: 78%, rice bran: 20%, superphosphate: 1%, gypsum powder: 1%.
Prepare the raw materials according to the formula requirements respectively. Cut the rice straw into small segments about 3 cm long, soak them in water for more than 8 hours, drain the excess water, mix rice bran, wheat bran, gypsum powder evenly, then mix the sugar and other additives dissolved in water evenly, so that the entire culture medium contains 65%-70% water.
4. Bag cultivation technology for Northeast China monkey head mushrooms
(a) Bagging and sterilization of Northeast China monkey head mushrooms. Fill the prepared culture medium into polyethylene plastic bags measuring 55 cm long, 15 cm wide, and 0.04-0.05 cm thick. While filling, press the material tightly with your hands, seal the bag after filling, and make five inoculation holes per bag. Seal the holes with 3.5 cm x 3.5 cm thick adhesive tape. Perform high-pressure sterilization as usual, cool down, and quickly transfer the bags to a sterile box or sterile room for inoculation.
(b) Inoculation and mycelium growth of Northeast China monkey head mushrooms. When the material temperature drops to 25°C, tear off the adhesive tape according to the sterile operation regulations, inoculate the strain, reseal with adhesive tape, and move to the culture room for cultivation. During mycelium growth, the indoor temperature should be controlled at 21°C-25°C, and the relative air humidity should be at 60%-70%. Five days after cultivation, tear off a corner of the adhesive tape to facilitate ventilation and promote mycelium growth. It takes about 20-30 days for the mycelium to grow full in the bag.
(c) Management of fruiting bodies of Northeast China monkey head mushrooms. After the mycelium grows full in the bag, spread the bags apart with a distance of 20-30 cm between each bag. Lower the room temperature to 20°C-22°C, control the relative air humidity at 85%-90%, cut small openings on the upper part of both ends of the bag with a knife, ventilate appropriately, and give scattered light. After 7-10 days when the material surface appears with fungus buds the size of soybeans, lower the room temperature to 16°C-20°C, keep the air relative humidity at 95%, and harvest the mature fruiting body after about 15 days. After harvesting a batch of mushrooms, open the windows for ventilation, stop watering for 3 days, then close the windows and spray water for management to allow mushrooms to grow again. After harvesting the second batch, stop watering for 3 days, then immerse the bag in water for rehydration. Generally, soak for 4 hours if the temperature is above 20°C, and soak for 6-7 hours if below 20°C. Drain the excess water after soaking, and you can harvest the second batch of mushrooms.
5. Causes and prevention of deformities in Northeast China monkey head mushrooms. Common deformed fungal types include coral cluster type, bald type, and abnormal color type. Deformed monkey head mushrooms affect their value, so every effort must be made to prevent them.
1. Causes of deformed monkey head mushrooms: They are caused by improper management during cultivation. If the humidity is too high during growth and ventilation is poor, with carbon dioxide concentration exceeding 0.1%, it will stimulate the base of the fruiting body to grow branches, forming coral-like shapes, preventing the formation of fruiting bodies; if the temperature is higher than 25°C, combined with low air humidity, hairless bald fruiting bodies will appear; if the temperature is lower than 14°C, the fruiting body will begin to turn red and deepen with decreasing temperature.
2. Prevention methods for deformed Northeast China monkey head mushrooms: When coral-like fruiting bodies appear, strengthen ventilation to promote the growth of fruiting bodies; when bald-type fruiting bodies appear, strengthen water management, spray mist in the space or sprinkle water on the ground, cool down and replenish water; when the fruiting body turns red, strengthen temperature management. In addition, if the deformation of monkey heads is caused by multiple generations of strains leading to genetic degeneration of the strain, stop using it, purify and rejuvenate it, and conduct mushroom trials before large-scale production; if the infection causes the fruiting body to turn yellow and rot, bury the infected bags deeply to prevent batch contamination.
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