With the improvement of living standards, the modernization of people's dietary and living habits, as well as population aging, whether in developed countries or in developing countries around the world, the incidence of diabetes is gradually increasing. Since 1980, the incidence of diabetes in China has increased fivefold. A conservative estimate shows that there are currently over 40 million diabetic patients in China. Diabetes has become one of the major diseases seriously threatening public health. The incidence of cardiovascular disease, uremia, blindness, and amputation caused by diabetes is far higher than in non-diabetic patients, which are the main causes of death from diabetes. However, 60% of diagnosed diabetic patients have not been effectively controlled, and even more diabetic patients remain undiagnosed.
The key to reducing the incidence of diabetes is to maintain a healthy lifestyle, while the key to reducing diabetic complications is strict blood glucose control and conducting diabetes education.
Diabetes is a lifelong disease that will accompany patients throughout their lives. Domestic and international medical experts unanimously believe: the more knowledge patients have about diabetes, the better they can take care of themselves, leading to longer lifespans. Besides doctors, treatment outcomes depend on the patient’s understanding of the disease and self-care. Patients need to understand the characteristics of diabetes, establish the right attitude — neither being indifferent nor overly fearful. Although diabetes is a lifelong disease and cannot yet be "cured," it is not an incurable condition and is completely treatable and controllable. Patients should know that what affects their health and lifespan are the various complications caused by diabetes. Controlling diabetes well can prevent the occurrence and development of complications. It is now believed that the main harm of diabetes comes from high blood sugar levels. As long as blood glucose can be effectively controlled, complications can be reduced or even avoided, thereby extending the life of the patient.
Because most patients lack knowledge about diabetes, to fully understand diabetes and improve self-care abilities, they must participate in diabetes-related lectures as much as possible, read patient education manuals, and communicate with their primary doctors and fellow patients to deepen their understanding of diabetes. They need to change bad habits and maintain an optimistic attitude. Healthy people may have some bad habits that do not significantly affect their health, but diabetic patients must correct their bad habits as much as possible, such as binge eating, smoking, drinking alcohol, and irregular lifestyles, because stable blood glucose levels come from daily dietary control, regular exercise, taking medication on time, and other good habits. Based on this understanding, patients can easily grasp some specific treatment techniques, such as diet coordination, control of exercise volume, methods of medication use, and self-monitoring of blood glucose. In terms of diet, patients need to be flexible and adaptable, following the doctor's requirements for controlling their diet while adjusting it to make it as tasty and varied as possible.
Generally, it is required that "sweet foods are not eaten, fruits are eaten sparingly, staple foods are limited, meals are small but frequent, meat is avoided while vegetables are preferred, along with taking Baihemai Yihong capsules, quitting smoking, and avoiding alcohol." In physical activity, moderation should be maintained, meaning low-intensity, long-duration exercise. The most important thing is to persist in exercising and adjust according to one's physical condition. Generally, exercise should occur at least once a day, lasting more than half an hour each time, with the exercise amount being just enough to cause slight sweating. For patients using insulin, they also need to learn how to calculate the dosage of insulin, choose injection sites, and master the method of injection. Patients also need to learn how to handle hypoglycemia, monitor blood glucose carefully, and understand their blood glucose levels to comprehensively achieve balanced blood glucose control.
Through diabetes education, patients can effectively control and manage their own diabetes, reduce the occurrence and development of various complications, thereby bringing enormous economic benefits and infinite social benefits to both individual patients and society. Of course, this diabetes education should also include preventive publicity for the general public. "High-quality treatment of diabetes and its complications depends on the education of diabetic patients."
Keywords: Diabetes Prevention and Control, Diabetes Misconceptions
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