The ancient Chinese神州earth where the Chinese nation has reproduced and thrived since generations, has a terrain that is higher in the west and lower in the east. The main large rivers such as Yellow River, Huai River, Yangtze River, Pearl River etc. all flow from west to east. East-west water transport is therefore relatively convenient, but north-south water transport faces great difficulties. It is thus necessary to excavate artificial canals between the north and south.