1, To recognize the basic structural characteristics of various jade materials, and to know the unevenness of hardness and density as well as the permeability of jade materials. After mastering the basic characteristics of jade materials, one can analyze how the length of time ancient jade is buried under specific environmental conditions affects the artifact itself, what oxidation and corrosion characteristics it should have, and grasp the characteristic patterns of its evolution process. Counterfeits do not follow the properties of the material or the various features of genuine items; they merely imitate the surface effects of authentic pieces, violating the natural laws of oxidation and evolution, thus having essential differences from the genuine articles.
2, Jade artifacts from various dynasties have been widely... [The sentence seems incomplete in Chinese, so a full translation isn't possible without more context.]