The symbols of figures in ancient and modern times, in addition to the "given name" and "courtesy name", also have a "pseudo-name", also known as an alias. The Cihai (a Chinese dictionary) states: "A pseudo-name refers to one's self appellation other than the given name and courtesy name." In old times, most people who gave themselves pseudo-names were scholar-officials and literati, with different intentions, some elegant, some rough; some straightforward, some implicit, even indulgent and strange, competing for novelty and beauty, with no fixed pattern.