Windows rarely used command set
winver - Check Windows version
wmimgmt.msc - Open Windows Management Structure (WMI)
wupdmgr - Windows update order
wscript - Windows Script Host settings
write - Notepad
winmsd - System Information
wiaacmgr - Scanner and Camera Wizard
winchat - XP built-in LAN chat
mem.exe - Display memory usage status
msconfig - Startup
msconfig.exe - System Configuration Utility
mplayer2 - Basic Windows Media Player
mspaint - Paintbrush New Chimney Construction
mstsc - Remote Desktop Connection
mplayer2 - Media Player
magnify - Magnifier Utility
mmc - Open Console
mobsync - Synchronization Command
dxdiag - Check DirectX information
drwtsn32 - System Doctor
devmgmt.msc - Device Manager
dfrg.msc - Disk Defragmenter
diskmgmt.msc - Disk Management Utility
dcomcnfg - Open Component Services
ddeshare - Open DDE Sharing Settings
dvdplay - DVD Player
nslookup - IP Address Detector
net stop messenger - Stop Messenger Service
net start messenger - Start Messenger Service
notepad - Open Notepad
nslookup - Network Management Guide
ntbackup - System Backup and Restore
narrator - Screen "Narrator"
ntmsmgr.msc - Mobile Storage Manager
ntmsoprq.msc - Mobile Storage Administrator Operation Request
netstat -an - (TC) Command Interface Inspection
syncapp - Create a Briefcase
sysedit - System Configuration Editor
sigverif - File Signature Verification Program
sndrec32 - Recorder
shrpubw - Create Shared Folders
secpol.msc - Local Security Policy
syskey - System Encryption, once encrypted it cannot be decrypted, protecting the Windows XP system with dual passwords
services.msc - Local Service Settings New Chimney Construction
sndvol32 - Volume Control Program
sfc.exe - System File Checker
sfc /scannow - Windows File Protection (Scan Companion and Restore)
tsshutdn - 60-second countdown shutdown command
tourstart - XP Introduction (Touring XP program that appears after installation)
taskmgr - Task Manager (2000/XP/2003)
eventvwr - Event Viewer
eudcedit - Font Creation Program
explorer - Open Explorer
packager - Object Packaging Program
perfmon.msc - Computer Performance Monitoring Program
progman - Program Manager
regedit.exe - Registry
rsop.msc - Group Policy Result Set
regedt32 - Registry Editor
rononce -p - 15-second shutdown
regsvr32 /u x.dll - Stop DLL file execution
regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll - Cancel ZIP support
cmd.exe - CMD Command Prompt
chkdsk.exe - Chkdsk Disk Check
certmgr.msc - Certificate Management Utility
calc - Launch Calculator
charmap - Launch Character Map
cliconfg - SQL Server Client Network Utility
clipbrd - Clipboard Inspector
conf - Launch NetMeeting
compmgmt.msc - Computer Management
cleanmgr - Disk Cleanup
ciadv.msc - Indexing Service
osk - On-Screen Keyboard
odbcad32 - ODBC Data Source Manager
oobe/msoobe /a - Check if XP is activated
lusrmgr.msc - Local Users and Groups
logoff - Logoff Command
iexpress - Trojan Bundling Tool, Built-In System
fsmgmt.msc - Shared Folder Manager
utilman - Auxiliary Tools Manager
gpedit.msc - Group Policy Carbon Fiber Reinforcement
Clever Installation of Various Windows Operating Systems
For newly purchased computers, after completing the partitioning and formatting of the hard drive, it's time to install the Windows operating system. Below, we will introduce the installation methods for various versions of Windows.
Installing Windows 98
To install Windows 98, you can use a Windows 98 boot disk to start the computer, then insert the Windows 98 installation CD into the optical drive. In the DOS prompt, enter the drive where the CD is located, then navigate to the Windows 98 installation directory and run the setup command to begin installing Windows 98.
When starting the installation, the installation program will automatically invoke the scan_disk program to detect the computer system. After passing the detection, it enters the Windows 98 installation process. When the screen displays the "Software License Agreement" dialog box, click to select the "Accept Agreement" option and click the "Next" button. At this point, you will be asked to input the "Product Key," which is the commonly known Windows 98 installation serial number. After completing this, click the "Next" button to proceed with the installation.
The Windows 98 installation program enters the "Gathering Relevant Computer Information" interface and checks the system to ensure there is enough hard disk space to install Windows 98. After completion, follow the prompts, click the "Next" button, choose the "Typical Installation" method, input the username and organization name, then enter the user region selection window. The region selection mainly determines the system time and date of the operating system. You can choose "China" from the list, then click the "Next" button.
During the installation process, the installation program will ask the user if they want to create a boot disk. If you do not already have your own Windows 98 boot disk, it is recommended to choose the "Yes" button to create one; otherwise, click the "Cancel" button. In the following steps, you don't need to worry about anything else as the installation program will copy data to the hard disk and complete the final installation process. After the file copying is finished, it will prompt you to restart the computer. After restarting, you can directly enter the Windows 98 installation process, and it will display the remaining installation time on the left side. Patiently wait, and you will find that Windows 98 has been installed in the system.
Tip:
Often when installing Windows 98, we usually type the setup command in the command-line interface to start the installation, followed by running scan_disk, scanning the disk, creating a boot disk, and viewing the installation version explanation. If you want Windows to install faster, you can use some parameters when using the setup command to achieve the goal of quickly installing Windows 98. The main parameters of the setup include: Carbon Fiber Cloth Reinforcement
/t:tmp: Specify the directory for temporary files
/id: Skip disk space check
/ie: Do not create a boot disk
/ih: Do not check the registry
/im: Skip memory check
/is: Do not perform disk scan
/iv: Do not display version explanation during installation
If you want to quickly install Windows 98, you can input the command: setup /id/ie/ih/im/is/iv. This way, the installation program will directly enter the file copy stage, saving a lot of installation time.
Installing Windows ME
Windows ME installation can be divided into two types: upgrade installation and full installation. Windows ME can be directly upgraded from Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows 98 SE, but not from Windows 3.x.
Windows ME provides three installation methods. One is to boot the computer with a startup disk, enter the installation directory, and execute the setup sequence. Note that before executing the installation sequence, you need to first run and load the disk high-speed cache sequence smartdrv.exe. The second method is to boot with the Windows ME CD, which will automatically execute the installation sequence. The third method is to run the Windows ME installation sequence within the current operating system, such as directly running the installation sequence in the Windows 98 system.
Regardless of which installation method is used, the basic operation process is the same and similar to the previously introduced Windows 98 installation process.
If your computer's clock frequency is below 150 MHz, you will receive the prompt "Cannot install Windows on this computer because the processor is below 150 MHz. Click 'OK' to exit the installation sequence." At this time, do not panic; you can input the command: setup/nm to start the installation.
Additionally, the Windows ME installation sequence also has some parameters (similar to Windows 98).
Installing Windows 2000 and Windows XP
The installation of the Windows 2000 system can be performed directly under DOS and Windows 9x systems. After inserting the Windows 2000 installation disk into the optical drive, the Windows 2000 installation sequence will automatically run. After choosing a fresh installation, it will request the product serial number, then start copying installation files and restart the computer.
In the post-restart interface, pressing Enter will start installing Windows 2000 and enter the drive selection window, where you choose the required drive letter. In the next window, you will be asked to select the file system format. To efficiently utilize the performance of the Windows 2000 system, it is recommended to choose "Convert disk partitions to NTFS." Afterward, press Enter to follow the wizard's instructions to complete the installation of the Windows 2000 system.
The installation methods for Windows XP include three types: upgrade installation, dual-system coexistence installation, and fresh installation. Its installation method is similar to the Windows 2000 system installation method, so I won't elaborate much here.
If installing the Windows 2000/XP system under the DOS mode, you first need to run the smartdrv.exe command to allow the installation sequence to install quickly; otherwise, the waiting time will be very long.
First, we use the Windows 98 startup disk to start the computer into DOS mode, then execute smartdrv.exe (if the file is not on the floppy disk, you can obtain it from the comman_d directory under the Windows 98 installation directory). Then execute the winnt.exe file in the i386 directory of the Windows 2000/XP installation CD. Remember: here you are not executing setup.exe, but winnt.exe. The subsequent operations are relatively simple.High-altitude Cleaning
Installing Multiple Operating Systems
To simultaneously install Windows 98 and Windows 2000 on a computer, you can first install Windows 98, then run the Windows 2000 installation sequence within the Windows 98 system. This way, you will see a multi-boot menu at the computer's startup interface, allowing you to choose the corresponding system by moving the up/down cursor keys and pressing Enter. If you plan to let the Windows ME system coexist with Windows 2000, the simplest method is to first install Windows ME, then use the Windows 98 startup disk or boot from the CD to install Windows 2000, choosing the "Fresh Installation" method during installation.
If you plan to let Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows XP coexist, you can first install Windows 98, then install the Windows 2000 system under Windows 98, and finally install the Windows XP system under Windows 2000. After the installation is completed, a multi-boot menu will be formed.
Secrets of exe Files in Windows
After installing Windows, what tasks do the files actually perform? Which specific task is carried out by which file? Moreover, from "Start" - "Programs" - then clicking "What I Want to Execute," this routine can be somewhat cumbersome. If you know which frequently executed task corresponds to which file and where it is located, creating a shortcut on the desktop would save time, effort, and be more convenient! This requires a clear understanding of the executable files in Windows. (Note: If the executable files mentioned below are not in the Windows installation directory, it may be because you haven't installed them. You can go to "Control Panel" - "Add/Remove Programs" - "Windows Installation Programs" and select the components you want to install.)
This article assumes Windows 98 is installed in "c:\windows".
Executable files under c:\windows
accstat.exe Windows Auxiliary Status Guide
arp.exe TCP/IP address conversion protocol command
calc.exe Calculator application software Chimney New Construction
cdplayer.exe CD player accessory
cleanmgr.exe Disk Cleanup Utility
clipbrd.exe Clipboard Check Application Utility
comman_d.com MS-DOS mode
control.exe Control Panel Application Utility
cvt1.exe FAT32 Converter
defrag.exe Disk Defragmentation Utility
drvspace.exe Disk Space Management Utility
dialer.exe Telephone Dialer Utility
directcc.exe Direct Cable Connection
explorer.exe Resource Manager
extrac32.exe Windows CAB File Decompression Application Utility
fontview.exe Font Check Utility
filexfer.exe Microsoft File Transfer Application Utility
finger.exe Used to obtain user information from any system running the standard finger service
freecell.exe FreeCell Solitaire Game
grpconv.exe Program Group Converter
hostname.exe Returns the computer name defined in the DNS Title field window of the TCP/IP Configuration window
ipconfig.exe Quick View System TCP/IP Configuration Application Utility
kodakprv.exe Image Preview Application Utility
mplayer.exe Media Player
mshearts.exe Hearts Battle Game
nbtstat.exe Displays the status of NetBIOS (NETBT) on TCP/IP
net.exe A comprehensive network configuration, displaying network information command with detailed help
netstat.exe Used to check all TCP, IP, and UDP connection statistics
netdde.exe Windows Network DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange)
netwatch.exe Network Monitor Chimney Maintenance
notepad.exe Notepad Application Utility
packager.exe Object Packaging Application Utility
pbrush.exe Paintbrush Application Utility
ping.exe Detects whether a remote host on the network exists and judges whether the network is normal
progman.exe Program Manager in Windows 3.x
qfecheck.exe Update Information Tool
regedit.exe Registry Editor
route.exe Utility for managing the local TCP/IP routing table
rsrcmtk.exe Displays resource status
rundll32.exe Runs DLL as an application
scan_dskw.exe Disk Scan Utility
smartdrv.exe SMARTDrive (DOS Disk Buffer) Utility
sigverif.exe Microsoft Signing Utility
sndrec32.exe Recorder Accessory
sndvol32.exe Volume Control
sol.exe Card Game
sysmon.exe System Monitor
taskman.exe Taskbar Application Utility
taskmon.exe Task Monitor Application Utility
telnet.exe Virtual Terminal Program
tftp.exe Trivial File Transfer Protocol, allows files to be sent to a TFTP server
tracert.exe Selects the path between the user's system and the destination system
tuneup.exe Windows Adjustment Wizard
vcmui.exe Version Conflict Manager
wangimg.exe Image Utility
welcome.exe Welcome to Windows Utility
winfile.exe File Manager in Windows 3.x
winhelp.exe 16-bit Windows Help Program
winhlp32.exe 32-bit Windows Help Program
wininit.exe Windows Installation Initialization Application Utility
winipcfg.exe TCP/IP Configuration Utility
winmine.exe Minesweeper Game
winpopup.exe Windows Popup Message Utility
winver.exe Displays Windows Version Number
write.exe Notepad Accessory
winrep.exe Windows Report Tool
winalign.exe Align Local Files Application Utility
wupdmgr.exe Windows Update Tool
Common Processes in Windows XP
The most basic system processes (that is, these processes are the fundamental conditions for system operation. With these processes, the system can run normally)Billboard Maintenance and Anti-Corrosion
smss.exe Session Manager
csrss.exe Subsystem Server Process
Winlogon.exe Manages user login
services.exe Contains many system services
lsass.exe Manages IP security policies and launches ISAKMP/OAKLEY (IKE) and IP security driver programs.
(System Service)
Generates session keys and grants credentials (tickets) for interactive client/server authentication. (System Service)
svchost.exe Contains many system services
svchost.exe
spoolsv.exe Loads files into memory for later printing. (System Service)
explorer.exe Resource Manager
internat.exe Pinyin icon in the notification area
Additional system processes (these processes are not necessary, you can add or reduce them through the service manager according to your needs)
mstask.exe Allows programs to run at specified times. (System Service)
regsvc.exe Allows remote registry operations. (System Service)
winmgmt.exe Provides system management information (System Service).
inetinfo.exe Provides FTP connections and management through Internet Information Services management units. (System Service)
tlntsvr.exe Allows remote users to log into the system and run console programs via command lines. (System Service)
Allows the management of web and FTP services through Internet Information Services management units. (System Service)
tftpd.exe Implements the TFTP Internet standard. This standard does not require a username and password. Part of the Remote Installation Services.